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American Exceptionalism Research Paper

2012-01-17T07:03:00.000-08:00

American Exceptionalism Research Paper

With the start of war in Iraq and a series of terrorist attacks, the issue of American exceptionalism became one of major public issues discussed. This concept is not just a general idea, but, on the contrary, a sort of philosophy that prevails in American nation. It has deep historical roots, and one can trace its origin and development, major influences and characteristics, and contradictions. On the one hand, such values as freedom and equality are given the highest priority. However, being proud of these constitutional foundations, many US citizens consider their way of life to be superior to that of the other nations and actively strive to share it, which often does not logically coincides with equality and freedom.

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According to the definition, American exceptionalism can be described as an idea that the United States and American people take special place in the world being the country of opportunities and hope as a result of unprecedented balance of individual and public interests that are governed by constitutional ideals which emphasize personal and economic freedom (Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia. American Exceptionalism). It is widely held that the term took its origin from the famous work of Alexis de Tocqueville Democracy in America and meant “qualitatively different from all other countries” (American Exceptionalism). The interpretation of this concept also depends on the perspective from which it is studied: some people describe American exceptionalism as a moral superiority, while others believe that this is an ideal of societal norms and standards. Recently, however, this term is often referred to as public propaganda that aims to justify chauvinistic American-centered view (Lockhart, Charles.).

Among all the facets of American exceptionalism, the most neutral is the historian view that holds that the United States of America are unique in terms of their origin and development without any moral implications. Historians rather provide explanation for why North America succeeded in political and economic arena. The stages of development of exceptionalism can be traced from colonial period up to present time when America became a separate independent nation. First, the concept of exceptionalism was widely popularized and replaced the idea of “Manifest Destiny” that was used to describe the unstoppable destruction of Native Americans (Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia. American Exceptionalism). The idea of uniqueness dates back to 1630, when John Winthrop made his famous remark to his fellow Puritans that they would found a “city upon a hill” and never experience the corrupt practices that they had left behind in the Old Europe (American Exceptionalism). Thus, America was perceived as a place free from tyranny and obtrusive regimes and symbolized the start of new life.

Afterwards, since the 19th century, exceptionalism was used in the context of liquidation of slavery as a victory over tyranny, which was the result of a free of choice of Americans. Researchers point out several important factors contributed to the formation of American nation and its philosophy. First of all, it is the availability of a vast pool of resources, which were so scarce in Europe by that time. The view of America as the land of freedom and opportunities can be ascribed to the fact that the first settlers that populated North America were often desperate seekers of a new destiny and better life and the major incentive for their risky relocation was primarily land and the possibility of realization of their own values and ideas (Deborah L. Madsen). North America was called a “New World” and attracted those who disagreed with the rules of the Old World. The views regarding society, wealth, liberties, government, and God were reevaluated to create a better place for living than the Old Europe.

After The War of Independence and American Revolution, these ideals were manifested in the works of intellectuals of American Revolution, especially Thomas Paine. In his famous work “Common Sense”, Paine defined America as not merely an extension of Europe, but as a separate, fundamentally different country offering unlimited potential and opportunities (American Exceptionalism). It is also impossible to omit the major subject of American proud, which is the Declaration Independence stating that “all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness” (The Declaration of Independence of the Thirteen Colonies). By that time, this document was one of the most progressive and democratic among the countries of the Old World and imparted the notion of exceptionalism to the perceptions of US inhabitants. As G. K. Chesterton noticed: “America is the only nation in the world that is founded on a creed. That creed is set forth with dogmatic and even theological lucidity in the Declaration of Independence. . .” (Lockhart, Charles.).

Tocqueville, in his turn, identified five values of this creed that played a crucial role in the development of American democracy: 1) liberty, 2) egalitarianism, 3) individualism, 4) populism, and 5) laissez-faire. These principles have played a leading role in developing democracy and preventing such regime as monarchy and aristocratic structures (Deborah L. Madsen). The replacement of the peasants’ class by an indentured servant class and the extensive classification of society by functions following Industrial revolution fostered the development of middle class. The culmination of freedom was manifested in the activated Trade Unions movement, which extended the rights of working class and demonstrated the practical reality that labor can control their destiny (Deborah L. Madsen).

However, as was noted before, the concept of exceptionalism changed over time. While during the period of America’s out post colonial position America was considered to be the symbol of opportunity and welcoming, with the gaining of wealth and political weight, the borders were closed for many immigrants for the reasons of their origin and race, and practical considerations. At that point exceptionalism meant power and protectionism (Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia. American Exceptionalism). In the contemporary context, however, American exceptionalism is referred to as the values and principles found in the symbolism of welcoming and opportunities of the past that can be seen in present policies and ideologies neglecting any differences between past and present, which creates the grounds for paradoxes and controversies. The proponents of exceptionalism tend to maintain a positive view of the past, present, and future, which is an essential element of social doctrine and propaganda (Byron, E. Shafer). Many agree that exceptionalism lacks facts and logical arguments, and for this reason many researchers tend to classify it as collective idealism, or common cultural myth.

Interestingly, the term “American exceptionalism” did not appear until the WWII. It was introduced in the course of American Studies that appeared since the WWII era (Byron, E. Shafer). Horwitz pointed out that “For most of the history of ‘American Studies, most Americanists, like most non-academics, have assumed that most senses of the word “America” actually do or ought to converge. They suppose that the U.S. terrain, its government, and the ways of life of its people comprise a single, even if conflicted, whole - a “culture” - that is distinguishable from the contributions of annexed territories, populations, and polities.” It is in this sense, then, that “America is supposed to be unique” (American Exceptionalism). Evidently, this idea was highly promoted among general public to develop a greater sense of national identity and even nationalism as a major motivating factor to fight. Here one can trace a tendency of governments to develop the will to fight through public propaganda of America’s superiority to the Japanese. It is known that during the war time the Japanese people were referred to as “monkeys” to popularize hatred and American superiority (Siobhan McEvoy-Levy.). In addition, the propaganda of American exceptionalism was in work to oppose the power the communism-oriented Soviet Union during the era of Cold War. Afterwards, nevertheless, the focus of American Studies was shifted to culture, which was designed with the purpose of finding a consensus by means of integrating theories on US history and art, semiotics and psychological areas and showing that all people have some features that are the same and that even compatriots can be different (Siobhan McEvoy-Levy.).

In addition, it is worth mentioning that many consider American exceptionalism a two-way sword – a term developed by Seymour Martin Lipset. In his writings, he outlines “American values are quite complex, particularly because of paradoxes within our culture that permit pernicious and beneficial social phenomena to arise simultaneously from the same basic beliefs” (Seymour Martin Lipset). The positive side of this concept lies in the fact that the United States of America are perceived as being the most democratic and free society that is open to the people who are the most progressive and the most competent. This is the implications of the country’s immigration policy. The traditions of individualism, private property, work ethic and education ethic founded by Puritans fostered the development of capitalism, and thus, are responsible for the nation’s commonwealth accumulated over the years (Seymour Martin Lipset). On the other hand, exceptionalism is quite controversial in terms that it promotes hatred, brutality, and even violence, as manifested in the Iraq. Elliot Gorn argues that “increasingly, Americans are a people without history, with only memory, which means a people poorly prepared for what is inevitable about life - tragedy, sadness, moral ambiguity - and therefore a people reluctant to engage difficult ethical issues” (Elliot Gorn).

It is illustrative that striving to prevent the shifting balance of powers, the administration Bush started a war against Iraq in August 2002. What was really surprising is that the facts and analysis on costs, reasons, and long-term implication were presented neither to the congress no to the world community. The only reason provided was the toppling of Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein accused of possessing the weapons of mass destruction. Bush has also declared that the war is also against terrorism having given, thus, a way for American aggression triggered by the events of 9/11 (Marks, Gary and Seymour Martin Lipset). Thus, using democratic principles as a cover up, America is invading Iraq. His reelection signifies that the majority of Americans support the course taken, which can be interpreted as a manifestation of continued hatred and violence for the attacks that took place several years ago.

Many might argue that the United States of America act like many other countries in the past and present time. However, this makes one doubt that contemporary America is exceptional. From the historical point of view, many events, which were ignored as contradicting the principles of freedom and equality, signify the opposite. First of all, the early settlers are responsible for genocide of the Native American populations and taking possession of their lands. Later, in need for labor force, which was in deficit at those times, thousands of people from Africa were captured and brought to America to be later enslaved in plantations (Marks, Gary and Seymour Martin Lipset). A series factors such as annexation by force of the Hawaiian Islands, the emergence of MacCarthyism, and political actions of 20th and 21st century represent serious contradictions with the notion of exceptionalism. Moreover, the external politics of the USA becomes also doubtful as some facts appear on th esurface. For illustration, many analysts consider that the meeting of Kissinger and Ford with the President of Indonesia Suharto triggered East Timor’s invasion that resulted in a murder of 200,000 Timorese (Siobhan McEvoy-Levy.).

Therefore, many scholars reject the concept of American exceptionalism as an implication of American national character. Instead, it is held that the present commonwealth of the USA can be attributed to distrinct factors such as the geographic position of the country (its borders, growing internal market), historical events (no engagement in warfares), and abundant natural resources (Siobhan McEvoy-Levy.). The advantage gained can not last indefinitely, and the tendencies indicate that the power is shifting to Middle East, which can partially explain the start of war in Iraq. Thus, the concept of American exceptionalism is controversial in terms that it is not based on historical events and logical arguments, but rather a culture created to emphasize American superiority and promote nationalism.

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Essay on Greed

2012-01-17T06:57:00.000-08:00

Essay on Greed is Good?

In the 1987 Oliver Stone film Wall Street, Michael Douglas (playing the fictional Gordon Gekko) delivered a particularly concise formulation of what many people, in retrospect, thought was wrong with that whole decade. “Greed is good,” he proclaimed (echoing a real-life speech by Ivan Boesky, a few years before).

This vulgarization of Adam Smith’s model of free enterprise, in which self-interest had a carefully contained and nuanced meaning, had long been familiar. The doctrine of the “invisible hand” (converting acts of individual greed into the blessing of universal prosperity) had worked its way deep into the American ideology, and, accordingly, there was nothing too extreme or too good to be said about greed.

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But, what is greed? Why has it been considered a vice and a sin throughout most of human history? Why do we still use the word greedy not as a term of praise but as a criticism, a put-down, a condemnation? Plato referred to pleonexia , a serious vice that might best be understood as grasping . There is a fine line between idealism and ambition, which one might describe as “reaching,” and avarice and greed, which are something quite different.

“Grasping” has a sense of desperation about it, something unseemly, the unmistakable suggestion of “too much.” And that is what greed is, “too much.” In the film Key Largo, Edward G. Robinson discovers in a word what he has always wanted, what drives his vicious criminal career: “more!” he says with gleeful enthusiasm, “that’s it, more!!”

“Greed is good” is a contradiction. Greed is by definition not good. But that, of course, doesn’t answer the question: What is wrong with greed? Greed (avarice) is an excess. It is like gluttony, an embarrassment, and the explanation “I wanted more” does not serve as an excuse but rather confirms the unbridled vulgarity.

Given our characterization of business as irreducibly social and necessarily involved with mutual interests and concerns, the supposed place of greed in business mentality is surely embarrassing in itself. And yet, the idea that greed is basic to business has been firmly established, if not by its practitioners, then certainly by its critics.

How odd, then, that we so often celebrate and reward greed as “ambition” and “drive.” Greed is not vision. It is a lack of vision. Let us see it for what it is, an extreme form of selfishness, an oblivion to all virtues, and neglect or contempt for any good but one’s own.

Abstract greed is a falsification of what drives people, but there is an analog that is no less abstract but much more insidious in the corporate context. It is what business theorists in the twentieth century have often called the profit motive. Never mind that the phrase was invented by nineteenth-century socialists as an attack on business and its narrow-minded pursuit of the dollar, the mark, and the yen to the exclusion of all other considerations and obligations. The idea is that the natural desire for profit drives the free enterprise system (and so, too, each one of us).

A more sophisticated version of the myth of the profit motive avoids the extravagant generalizations regarding human nature, interpreting the motive more modestly as a matter of contractual obligation, not natural necessity. “The social responsibility of business,” writes Milton Friedman in a famous polemical article, “is to increase profits.” (1)

He does not include the word only, but it is clearly implied. Friedman argues that the managers of a company have a fiduciary responsibility to the owners (in a publicly held company, the stockholders), which is certainly true. But notice that Friedman’s argument, although it is headlined in terms of profits, is in fact concerned with the notion of responsibility, not a profit concept at all. Managers and executives may make profits, but not (as such) for themselves.

Such talk of the profit motive causes more damage than any amount of sleaziness or dishonest dealings on the part of the business community. It is the narrow-minded language of the profit motive that gives rise to public suspicion.

Peter Drucker, in his magnum opus Management, writes of managers that “it is their own rhetoric that is one of the main reasons for hostility. . . . There is only the profit motive, but why that desire should be indulged in by society any more than bigamy, for instance, is never explained.” (2)

“Profit” is an economist’s term. It is not merely an increase in wealth, and it is not what one earns when one works for a living. You’ll never get rich working for a living. Profit is, technically, what is “left over” after all costs have been paid. In practice, profits are often what the board or the boss says that they are.

But profits are neither “natural” nor a motive. Anthony Flew, defending profits but attacking the idea of a “profit motive,” rightly asks whether we should also talk about a “wage motive,” a “rent motive,” and an “interest motive.” (3) This little reduction ad absurdum quickly demolishes its target.

Of course, people work for profits in a profit-making system. But profits are a means to an end -- for a corporation, survival, for an individual, money to spend. Profits get distributed and reinvested. Profits are a means to building the business and rewarding employees, executives, and investors.

The profit motive is often attacked as a form of selfishness. Once again Flew makes the point rather nicely. He carefully distinguishes pursuing one’s interest from selfishness, taking as an example his daughters eating their dinners: “It would be monstrous to denounce them as selfish hussies, simply on that account.” Flew adds, “the time for denunciation could come only after one of them had, for instance, eaten someone else’s dinner too.” (4)

Who is supposed to have this so-called profit motive? Employees don’t have it: They have a salary to earn and a job to do. Managers don’t have it: They have obligations and responsibilities. Top executives, too, work for salaries and bonuses. They work for profits only insofar as they are also shareholders in the company. It is only the investors, the “owners,” who do not “work for” profits, and if anyone has the profit motive, presumably they do. It is on their behalf, according to this myth, that the entire system functions.

But stockholders are not homines economici, that is, merely economic self-maximizing beings. They are people with values and virtues who presumably care about something more in life than how their shares are doing. To be sure, they do hope and often expect to make a profit. And that means that the businesses themselves have to make a profit.

In Peter Drucker’s startling turn of phrase: “If archangels instead of businessmen sat in directors’ chairs, they would still have to be concerned with profitability, despite their total lack of personal interests in making profits.” (5)

But businesses and businesspeople make a profit only by supplying quality goods and services, by providing jobs, by supplying capital and taking risks, and by fitting into the community. Norman Bowie has argued that profits, like happiness, are most easily obtained when not pursued as such. If you want to be happy, you need to pursue not happiness but other goals. So, too, “the more a business consciously seeks to obtain profits, the less likely they are to achieve them.” Bowie aptly calls this “the profit-seeking paradox.” (6) One might think of it as a conceptual antidote to the mythical profit motive.

Gordon Gekko said his “Greed is good” speech mostly with reference to the managerial waste of the shareholders’ money. He mentions the fact that the CEO and upper level managers receive huge salaries and numerous bonuses: all this comes out of a shareholders’ pockets. For Gekko, ‘greed’ is the ability to control the unnecessary spending of upper level managers in order to help shareholders retain their real profits.

Gekko’s position does promote greater social good: it is actually based on the principle of utilitarianism that could be described as ‘the greatest good for the greatest number’. Instead of having upper level managers of huge corporations share extraordinary benefits and tremendous salaries, Gekko suggests that those money are used to gratify those who were responsible for founding the corporation – its shareholders.

Therefore, ‘greed’ in Gekko’s mouth is not bad, but actually good. He wants shareholders have what they deserve to have; certainly, such an attitude will not be tolerated by the managers he refers to, and he will have to struggle for the greater social good that he strives to achieve. The “greed is good’ speech is one of the most moving moments in the film, and I believe that gecko is completely right in what he says.

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SAT and ACT Essay

2012-01-16T01:56:00.000-08:00

SAT and ACT Essay

In general both SAT and ACT are the sets of tests aiming to check up the results after the first year in college and to get a common yardstick to use in comparing students from different academic backgrounds. Having same role in the admission process these two tests differ in their background and their structure.

Traditionally the SAT was taken in the colleges of the Northeast, East and the West coasts. The ACTs were taken in the schools and colleges of the mid-west. But ACT tests became more widespread some time ago and most colleges accept both test results now. It’s considered that the SAT tests are preferred in private schools and some colleges and ACTs are usually taken in public schools and most of the colleges. But there are exceptions and the system can be different for every state, and for each school or college.

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The ACT is based more on the school curriculum while the SAT relies on the common knowledge in different subjects. The questions in the SAT tests can be tricky sometimes and contain variants, which can distract your attention. The ACTs are more straight forward and they usually don’t have these tricky questions. In most of the states the SATs are taken seven times per year and the ACTs are taken six times. To take the SAT test you should register at least six weeks before the test and for the ACT you can register at least one month before the test.

These tests have same goal, but they are quite different in their structure. The ACT is traditionally described as a content-based test, which specifies the accurate answers on the concrete questions. At the same time SAT is commonly regarded as a test, which needs critical thinking and problem-solving abilities. It’s considered to require more creative abilities also. In fact this division is not quite correct as a lot of tasks in the ACT tests also demand critical thinking or problem solving and there are many tasks in the SAT which are based on the content. But still, these tests rely on different abilities and it is good that most of the student can choose the type of the test they prefer to show better results and their abilities.

There are several points that differ these tests. The SAT test consists of verbal, math and experimental sections. And the ACT test consists of English, math, reading, science reasoning and experimental sections. The SAT contains questions on both – algebra and geometry and ACT has only four questions on trigonometry and the rest is algebra. The ACT includes a science reasoning test, while the SAT does not. The SAT tests require better vocabulary than the ACT, and ACT, on the other side, emphasizes grammar.

In the SAT questions are placed in the order of difficulty level and I think it helps to concentrate on the test when you pass from the easier tasks to more difficult ones. In ACT the questions don’t have any order of difficulty and it can distract attention sometimes when simple things seem difficult and vice versa. But ACT tests perform the score choice which gives you the opportunity to choose the level most appropriate for you and SAT doesn’t provide this choice. The SAT has penalty for the wrong answers, which can be a distracter sometimes and the ACT doesn’t.

The ACT tests are more straightforward and can benefit students who don’t like tests. But at the same time, the limitation in time is very serious challenge for students who don’t like to work under the pressure and need more time for thinking that the rest of students.

Nowadays, there is a tendency to add SAT II Subject Tests to SAT I Reasoning Tests which means that you may be asked to take up to three SAT II test in addition to SAT I. That would take much more time and effort than the ACT test. There is only one ACT test without additional tests and variations. But it’s obligatory that you will be asked to take additional SAT II tests as there are a lot of schools and colleges which are satisfied with SAT I results only. And there are also a number of colleges, which would require you to take SAT II in addition to the ACT tests.

For students who are faced with the choice of the test it’s better to choose in advance the college they are going to apply to and then focus on the type of test, which is required in this very college. One should also keep in mind his strong and week points to choose the test which is more appropriate for his way of thinking and his abilities. Taking both tests and comparing their results would be a very nice move to take in order to find out which test is giving you the most flattering results. Of course, good test results cannot be achieved without careful preparation. The student should know the structure and style of the tests, and be prepared to pass them successfully.

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Career Services Essay

2012-01-16T01:53:00.000-08:00

Essay on Career Services

Successful career is one of the most highly appreciated achievements in life. It implies status, money, security and respect of other people. Whichever occupation you choose in life, it will, most probably, influence your future in many ways. So if you really care about your life it is time to look for a descent job!

Most of you will say: “Oh! It is so hard to find a good job nowadays! Either the place doesn’t fit our requirements, or we are not qualified enough to get it”. The latter is not a problem at all if you are a part of the “Career services” project. The University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, among other Student Services, provides Career Services, which include employment counselling services in various spheres. It has a lot of useful information for students, alumni and employers. It is a kind of mediator between you and your future boss.

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A lot of my friends had problems with employment. One of them, Jane, panicked the very second she heard the word “interview”, but after several unsuccessful efforts, she finally decided to take part in an interview workshop, provided by the Career Services Department at USP. There she learned the basic principles of interview communication, several useful tips on the dress code and gestures and postures. Moreover, she had an opportunity to be an interviewer in an “Interview” role-play. She said that after she imagined herself in the role of the future boss, asking tricky questions and making others tremble, she felt much more confident. Her experience helped her pass the real-life interview successfully because she was prepared to all the “unexpected” questions.

The Career Services Department will help you to learn various job search strategies, develop your personal resume & cover letter, which are essential parts of the employment process, if you have already found a desired vacancy, or even provide job and internship listings information, if you are still searching. The Career Service Department also will provide essential tips for successful interviews, and an opportunity to discuss questionable matters with a professional career counsellor.

As I have already mentioned, The Career Services Department provides special workshops designed to facilitate the processes of interview, negotiation, and career planning. It will help you to answer the most important question: "What can I do with my major?" and will provide all the needed information on this point. Numerous career planning tools, as well as local, regional, national and even international job postings will be at your disposal, when you will sign up for Career Services at USP. Simply imagine how easy your life would become – all your career problems will be solved with the help of professionals. And you will have access to the on-line job listings and updates, forget about buying newspapers!

Being a member of the Career Services Department, you will be able to know more of the University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, its community, the world of work and much more. For example, this February, the students in the Career Service workshops will discuss appropriate looks for what to wear to the Spring Career Fair (which is held annually), job interviews and other professional networking events. The Career Service department has also introduced a new, online Career Fair, which will facilitate the searching process – your resumes and up-to-date job listings will be available 24x7.

By the way, this March workshop program includes numerous interesting events, and if you sign up, you will get to know how to write a professional resume, watch or even take part in “dress for success” fashion show, and learn some useful things on dinner etiquette and negotiation techniques. If you want to succeed in your career, and want others to respect and admire your skills and knowledge, you will certainly not miss these events!

USP Career Services resources for students are also available to Alumni and International Students. Do not hesitate to use Career services that were founded to help you to create and develop a successful career in your future life. They will make your life easier.

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French Revolution Research Paper

2012-01-13T02:58:00.000-08:00

French Revolution Research Paper

The nobles and Church were controlling everything. Society was divided into three estates, the first estate was the Church, the second estates were the nobles, and the third estate was everyone else. The third estate was comprised of bankers, traders, businessmen, and everyone else. They were mainly comprised of the middle class or bourgeoisie. This class tried to gain political power, as they grew wealthier.

When Louis XVI came to power France was a mess because of the 15th and 16th centuries economic instability. Louis hired a finance minister, Turgot, to balance the budget. He was dismissed after about two years because of France's unwillingness to cooperate. In 1789 the monarch became bankrupt.

In order to rectify this situation Louis called a meeting with the Estates General or medieval representative assembly of the three estates. The first and second estates voted together. This made the third estate mad so they formed the National Assembly.

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Louis mobilized his troops to surround Paris because he was scared by the third estate's size. This advice came form his bother and wife, Count Artois and Marie Antoinette. The three estates decided to come together as one unit or the National Constituent Assembly. The Tennis Court Oath was when the National Constituent Assembly took an oath and said they would not disband until a constitution was formed. National Constituent Assembly issued the Declaration of The Rights of Man and the Citizen. This was a document based on the Enlightenment's idea of civil liberties.

The National Guard is what the troops of shopkeepers called themselves when they invaded the political prison where some weapons were stored, or Bastille. This sparks the revolution.

The National Guard then appoints Lafayette as the leader of their battle. He also, begins the cockade. This was a symbol of resistance. When the women got enraged because of high bread prices and marched to the king's palace, Versailles, and dragged him back to Paris it was known as the Women's March.

The National Constituent Assembly wrote the Constitution of 1791, it forbidded workers to organize and instituted Assignats. It also, secularized the Catholic Church with the Civil Constitution of the Clergy, where farmland was used as collateral and turned France into a farming country. This Constitution is made unchangeable for ten years and everyone agrees not to seek reelection. The new members were divided into the left liberals and the right conservatives. The artisans were unsatisfied with this constitution.

The emigres, nobles who fled the country during mob times, threatened France. The Declaration of Pilznit was where Prussia and Austria agreed to invade France and restore the king if the rest of Europe agrees.

The Legislative Assembly of 91-92 was led by the Girondists and declared war on Austria. The Girondists accused the king and queen of sympathizing with the enemy. The sans-culottes, or wage-earning people, went to the Council of Paris and asked if they could rule. They formed the Paris Commune and replaced the government of Paris. The Prussian Duke of Brunswick supported the emigres and demanded the revolutionaries lay down their arms in the Brunswick Manifesto. The Paris Commune went on a killing spree known as the September Massacres. They executed all nobles or sympathizers.

On September 21st the Legislative Assembly created the National Convention, yet another attempt to write a constitution. The Jacobins and sans-culottes dominated it. They were known as "The Mountain" because of their high placement in the assembly hall. Maximillian Robes Pierre called for an execution of the king. The other European nations got frightened and formed a coalition to defeat the revolutionaries, but were distracted by their efforts to partition Poland.

Robes Pierre convinced the mob to turn on the moderate Girondists. In January 1793 the revolutionaries executed Louis XVI as Citizen Capet, because no titles were used now. The Jacobins dictatorship expanded. They lead the executive committee of the Assembly, Committee of Public Safety. It started revolution tribunals that tried and arrested "enemies of the state". The Law of 22 Prarial was passed, it said you only need accusation to execute someone as an "enemy of the state". This was the beginning of the Reign of Terror.

The Assembly begins levee en masse , a system that requires everyone in France to serve in the army in someway. This was an army bulk up movement. Robes Pierre renames France the "Republic of Virtue" and tries to convince people that war is virtuous. He begins the dechristianization of France and strips Notre Dam and names it the Temple of Reason. He institutes The Cult of Pure Reason where the concept of reason was worshipped. To get more people interested he renames the cult The Cult of the Supreme Being.

The Thermidorian Reaction was the reaction of the French to the excesses of the revolution. The White Terror began when the conservatives killed people for being too revolutionary. The Bands of Jesus beat up revolutionaries. The Jacobin Club was forced to close and the Girondists took their seats back in the National Government. Catholicism remained under state control but people were allowed to attend services. The Constitution of Year III or 1795 made the Legislature bicameral. The executive branch called the Directory had five members chosen by the Council of Elder from a list approved by the Council of 500.

In 1795 the French army had a huge success and Prussia, Netherlands, and Spain withdrew from the war. In 1796 Napoleon beat Sardinia. In 1796 Napoleon beat Austria. The Directory began a partnership with Napoleon in order to expand their power but it backfired because they could not control him.

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Research Paper on Golda Meir

2012-01-12T08:56:00.000-08:00

Research Paper on Golda Meir

The state of Israel has had many great leaders that had helped it to survive around the Arabs and to become a state the 14th of may 1948. One of these great leaders was Golda Meir, the fourth prime minister of Israel and labor Zionist leader and diplomat. Her real name is Golda Mabovitch. She was born in Kiev, Ukraine in 1898. When she was eight years old, her family immigrated to the United States of America. She grew up in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. There she joined a Zionist youth movement. Then she got married with Morris Myerson, and, in 1921, they moved to Palestine, joining a Kibbutz called Merhavia.

Kibbutz its like a small town where families join and work in something specific to sell it to other kibbutzim or cities so they can maintain its own. They have a school and all the children are raised together. The main idea of the kibbutz is that everybody has the same, there is no difference between rich and poor, or levels of importance in each kibbutz.In 1924 the Meyersons moved to Jerusalem, Israel. Golda joined the Histadrut (General Federation of labor) and became a member. By the next three decades she was a great and a very active member of the Histadrut. She started in trade union and welfare programs. Then she organized the Zionist labor. "Zionist" means the believe of the Jews to have a Jewish state in Israel. She also was in charge of the funds that were received form other countries. She also obtained important political roles. In these years the British government prohibited the immigration of Jews and restricted it to just a few per year. This was written on the White book. So she advanced the immigration of unrestricted Jews. By 1946, the majority of the community senior leaders were interned by the British authorities. She replaced Moshe Sharett by acting as the leader of the political department of the Jewish Agency or "Keren Hayesod" until the establishment of the Jewish state.

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After the creation of the State she played a part in the internal labor Zionist politics and in diplomatic efforts to achieve peace.

In June of 1948 Golda Meir was Israel's first ambassador to the Soviet Union, she only stayed in this position for less than a year. She was later elected as a member of the Knesset (Israeli Parliament) in the 1949 elections and served as minister of labor and national insurance from 1949 to 1956. In these years there was a lot of unemployment caused by mass immigration. So she provided housing for immigrants and integrated them to workforce.

During 1956 to 1966 she served as minister of foreign affairs and initiated Israeli's policy of cooperation with the newly independent nations of Africa, that continues in these years. At the same time she established relations with the United States and ties with Latin American countries.

After the death ofPrime Minister Levi Eshkol in 1969, she was chosen to succeed him. In 1969 elections she led her party to victory.

Shortly after these the War of Attrition ended in a cease-fire agreement with Egypt. But this agreement was broken by Egypt when they send the missiles on the Suez canal front. Even though it did bring a three-year period of peace, that stopped in October 1973 by the Yom Kippur War.

As a primer minister she focused much of her energies on the diplomatic front. She mixed up personal diplomacy with skillful use of mass media. She was naturally armed with and iron will a warm personality and a grandmotherly image. And with this characteristics she solicited financial and military aid in unprecedented measure.

She showed a strong leadership during the surprise attack of Yom Kippur securing an American airlift of arms while standing firm of disengagement of forces negotiations and fast returns of POW's. Even though the Agranat Commission of Inquiry exonerated her from direct responsibility form Israel's unprepared ness for the war, and she had led her party to the victory in 1973 elections. Golda Meir believed in what she said "the will of the people" and resigned in the middle of 1974. She retired form public life and start writing her memories.but was present in the Knesset to greet Egyptian President Anwar Sadat on his historic visit to Jerusalem in November 1977.

Golda Meir is considered one of the most hard working and energetic women in the history of the world. She is recognized by helping the Israeli state to survive and with all these hard work, she also had time for her family. This both things together make Golda one of the most admired women through history. Other characteristic about this amazing women is that she never left a job unfinished, even though it was a simple labor or something more difficult like creating a Jewish state.Since Golda Meir was a child, she set herself a dream. She wanted a Jewish country there, she wanted a state where Jews could have citizenship and in 1948 she achieved her dream. But this didn't fell from the sky, she worked hard, really hard all of her life to make this dream real. This is an example of the perseverance and the guts that a woman can have on difficult situations.

After Israel became a estate, everybody thought that the conflicts would stop, but unfortunately this did not happen; and after all of these years, 55 to be more exact, Israel has been in constant wars and attacks with its Arabs neighbors. Without the support of Golda and other strong Israeli leaders this could not be possible. It is truly difficult to a country to be in constant attacks with other countries, considering the economic lost that a single war gives. It is really amazing to count the years that Israel has been in war, and to realize that all of its neighbors are Arabs. It is the only state with a different culture and religion if this region. (The middle east).

In its first years, Israel was a very poor country, considering that people who lived there came from World War II. They came form the holocaust; from loosing their loved ones and everything they had got. And the wealthy people form Israel helped this families, and started cleaning the country. Israel is located in a very arid zone, with plenty of marshes and deserts. So it was a priority cleaning everything to start a productive country. Because of all of these reasons, Israel in the beginning had a lack on weapons and a very poor army. Golda Meir knew she could not win a war or maintain a country like this, so she decided to do something.

She decided to travel to the United Stated and other countries to obtain some money. She gave speeches and conferences to universities and she contacted the American head governments trying to borrow some money. The government of the United States turned her down and did not gave her money, but the college students gave Golda the money they obtained. And also, the American government did not agree to sell weapons to Israel, and again the college students tried to send some to Israel.

This is an example of what a woman can make if she believes in something and works hard to achieve it, this proves how the sex does not matter when you have high expectative and lots of energy and demonstrates how everything is possible if you work hard for it. Golda Meir died in December 1978, at the age of 80.

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Best Research Paper Writers

2012-01-10T01:00:00.000-08:00

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Research Paper on Crispus Attucks

2012-01-09T04:17:00.000-08:00

Research Paper on Crispus Attucks

Little is known about the first African American hero of the New World. He is believed to have been born into slavery around the year 1723. Attucks has been described as a huge man "whose looks was (sic) enough to terrify any person(Lester)." He was the Massachusetts-born son of an African slave and a Natick Indian(Tellez). At the age of 27, he escaped slavery events that ultimately led to the American Revolution. He was shot by British soldiers during the Boston Massacre on March 5, 1770.

The Customs House of Boston, located on King street, was the setting for an event that helped to fuel the American Revolution. On the evening of March 5, the outside of the Customs House was being guarded by a lone sentry, Private Hugh White. A group of disgruntled citizens, led by Crispus Attucks, gathered outside of the Customs House. The citizens were up to their usual sport of tormenting the British soldiers who were stationed in the city. The British soldiers were stationed there to keep peace, but the townspeople resented the English army being in their city. Fights between the two sides were common. The British soldier standing outside the Customs House was their next target. The massacre began when a young apprentice yelled an insult at Private White. The private struck the apprentice on the ear with the butt of his rifle. The boy yelled for help and more people joined the crowd. At a nearby church, the bells were rung. These bells were normally rung only when there was a fire in the city. This drove more people into the streets. The British sentry was now confronted with an angry mob. He stood his ground and did not panic as he called for more men. His backup was led by Captain John Preston. The angry mob h. A se crowd and was followed by more musket fire. As a result, five colonist were dead or dying and six more suffered nonfatal injuries. It is not known whether or not Captain Preston ordered the soldiers to fire or whether the British soldiers were provoked to attack(Kelly).

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Crispus Attucks had a vital role in the Boston Massacre. As many Bostonians fled the confrontation, he ran towards the crowd and led others in their protest against the British. His bold confrontation with the British soldiers is des Michael Lee Lanning:

With at least a dozen men behind him, Attucks confronted the soldiers by striking their muskets with his stick. When the British captain stepped forward, Attucks swung his club at the officer's head. In warding off the blow, Preston bumped into one of his soldiers, causing him to drop his weapon.

Instantly Attucks seized the musket. The soldier grabbed the the gun, and the two struggled for control. In wrestling the gun from Attucks, the soldier stumbled and fell. While he was down, the colonists now confident that the British would do nothing turned their chants to "Why don't would lead to independence for the United States." (Lanning)

This passage shows how he took charge of the mob and led the attack on the soldiers. It also shows how he and four ofer tells of the courageous acts of a man who was fighting for things that he personally could never attain - the rights of his fellow Americans.

The Boston Massacre and Crispus Attucks were important factors in America's struggle for independence. Vocal patriots such as Samuel Adams and Benjamin Franklin used the Boston Massacre to spark anti-British sentiment. The Boston Massacre was used as propaganda for the American Revolution. As a result of the massacre, all British troops were removed from the Boston harbor. It showed the British that the patriots of America were willing to sacrifice their lives for freedom. The Boston Massacre and Crispus Attucks played a large role in inspiring people to fight for the revolutionary cause.

Crispus Attucks is remembered as the victim of a brutal attack by British soldiers. He was marked as a hero and is still remonored the patriots who died during the Boston Massacre with the Crispus Attucks Monument. The inscription on the monument reads, "On that night, the foundation of American independence was laid (Lester)." Attucks is strongly remembered today. Jeremiah Holmes wrote: "He (Crispus Attucks) was the first martyr of the American Revolution, which, to me, makes him the founding father of Black America."

Crispus Attucks is a patriot and a hero. He was probaought and died for his nation. He stood up to the domineering British redcoats, but this cost him his life. The irony of his heroic actions is that he would not have been able to enjoy the rights of independent Americans because he was black (Lanning). Knowing this, he still risked his life for the good of his country. He knew what the Americans were going through in their struggle with the Britain.

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Essay on Economic Crisis

2012-01-09T03:33:00.000-08:00

Essay on Economic Crisis

In the October of 1929th the economics of the US experienced a deep economic crisis, lately it was recognized as the first-rate in the history. This crisis was named “the Great Depression” and quickly expanded on most of the world’s industrial countries (especially on European countries, which were involved in the financial liabilities with the US).

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The origin of the crisis was the complete and unexpected ruin of the stock quotation on New York stock exchange (on the 25th October, 1929). The worth of stock reduced up to ninety percent and most of depositors became bankrupts. This period is characterized by the great rate of the suicides – many people did not want to humble their losses. The panic on the stock exchange was caused by the crisis of the overproduction. So there were lots of the commodities in the turnover and there were not enough customers to purchase these commodities. Banks restrained the crediting and thus economy lost the opportunities to develop and functionate in the usual order. Thousands of commercial and governmental organizations bankrupted and overall economy level was thrown away on the decades.

All these resulted in the crisis of the transport, building, energy, trading, agriculture and other main branches of the economy. The rates of unemployment replenished with millions of people and mounted to the fourth part of the overall US population. People, who lost their houses, settled on the outskirts, constructing dwellings from the boxes. The warehouses were overcrowded, the prices infinitely decreased and manufacturers burned and destroyed their supply.

Despite of that most companies failed, large corporations and monopolies survived, merged smaller ones and multiplied their capital by the end of the period of the Great Depression. The government could not cope with the crisis and the new president Roosevelt decided to use several Keynesian tools – governmental regulation of the economics – in order to do this. Roosevelt’s “New Deal” emphasized the importance of regulation of the spheres of crediting and trading. The proper crediting stimulates the development of small and medium businesses, households and farming. Properly regulated trading will help to relieve from production surplus, load productive capacities and decrease unemployment rates. Both regulated crediting and trading will bring economy to the equilibrium – Roosevelt implied. There were accepted many significant laws and regulation acts in the United States of America in the following fields: banking and financial systems, rejection of the gold standard, insurance (endowment and social), manufacturing sphere (especially labour code, code of honest competition, wages etc), unemployment, agriculture, trade unions, provision of pensions, taxation, courts etc. Indeed, the “New Deal” snatched out the US economy from the Great Depression for a certain period of time, but it could not save the economy from the next crisis in the 1937. At that time the amount of adherents of Keynesian theory increased and Roosevelt had to adhere to the Keynesian policy too.

United States of America became able to completely overcome the Great Depression by the beginning of the World War II (1941), while other countries were still affected by its consequences.
Finally, I want to draw out the comprehensive conclusion: during the period of the Great Depression (1929 – 1941) the world’s economy was thrown away on the decades. It was characterized by the crisis of the stock exchange panic, low purchasing capacity, bankruptcy, complete malfunction of banking and financial systems, unemployment and hunger. But monopolies learned to survive and developed a lot during this period – it even can be said that US line of policy supported their survival and development. The United States of America overcame this period and despite of all negative effects gained much positive (especially rejection of the gold standard, development of social insurance, code of labour etc).

The main reasons of the Great Depression are: overproduction, unbalanced distribution of the capital in the country, panic on the stock exchange etc. Roosevelt’s “New Deal” in alliance with the Keynesian economy regulation tools played the major role in the overcoming of the crisis – economy was regulated by the government but not to the prejudice of the private property.

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Essay on Religion

2012-01-02T09:36:00.000-08:00

Essay on Religion

To understand the origins of religion and mystical world of human nature is quite important in order to learn to control, direct and develop the main features of human psychics, cognition and reasoning skills. As the modern psychological science has made quite a progress in studying different aspects of human inner world, as it has understood and explained some puzzles of human emotional and spiritual life it is still stuck to give a reasonable and exhaustive explanation to such an important part of the human world as religion and religious beliefs.

In order to give logical and fundamental explanation of this psychic phenomena many scientists referred to the most primitive existing societies in order to see the practices, rituals and the whole concept of primitive religious beliefs and magic originally and to refer to these observations for further research. The studies of Marett and Malinowski who looked on religious beliefs from the emotionalist perspective show that religion and magic as one of its primitive forms originates from the emotional stress of people and their desire to feel this vacuum, to suppress the emotions of fear caused by the violent environment.

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In order to overcome this emotional crisis primitive people invented special sorts of ritual traditions of mystical nature where the miracle takes a common place and which are separated from the reality by taboos and certain rules in order to establish the margins between reality and magic. They base this sort of theory on t he concept that primitive people were more empiric than rational, and they perceived the surrounding world only by their feels and emotions rather than by certain critical analysis and reason.

But from the other hand other scientists, as Hamilton mentions mark that primitive societies still had the features of rationalism in their practices and could differentiate to a certain level the reality and metaphysics. Marett’s and Malinowski’s ideas are criticized widely, as being single sided. Hamilton marks that the relation between ritual and emotion is quite variable, more over Marett’s theory doesn’t deal with tribal cultures of primitive societies, so his ideas might be real limited to a certain observed primitive societies. On the other hand Malinowski explored tribal societies so his observations and conclusions might be more persuasive.

If Marett gave the leading role in the development of religious beliefs to the ritual and so in rituals the main source of development of religion, art, and philosophy, then Malinowski on the other hand emphasized on the priority of practical role of magic and myths in archaic societies which had a regulative role in order to keep an order in the tribe and they were later substituted by a more organized and defined system of values and beliefs as religion. In order to choose the definite and well proved position in answering the question about the nature of religion is it more of emotional or intellectual origin it’s important to take into consideration different aspects of this problem. In different cultures now it’s perceived on different levels both on emotional and rational, but still I have to say that the priority of emotional experience is more vivid and obvious as it bases on emotional and psychic experiences rather than on cognition and rationalism. In western culture religion is a supplement to the whole system of the beliefs that people have and is an integral form of culture, and people treat it as culture.

In eastern cultures it’s visa versa, even in Christians of orthodox Europe, not talking about Mulsims and reprentatives of other religion confessions refer to religion as to the tradition form of magic, and consider God to be more a wizard than a God is it’s stated in religion teachings. So we can see that the emotional origin of religion dominates over the intellectual or rational one, and western culture had the same emotional origins of religion as any other society. The religion was a product of person’s fantasies, images and in general, a product of person’s imagination rather than a product of logical and analytical thinking about the world that surrounds a man.

But in many aspects, as modern science shows, emotional and rational approach to reality was close enough on the rise of the human era so it’s difficult to differentiate them. As human emotional world in inalienable components of persons inner world which includes thinking and reasoning abilities, so in many ways it dominated and influenced human’s rational nature as well.

Because people are not able to explain different events that take place in their lives, because they are unable to change the matter of events very often, there appears a basic psychological need to cure their emotional world by referring to some sort of illusion and myth that would substitute reality and would put an end to emotional hunger.

From another perspective religious norms regulate or deeds, life but mostly they regulate the activity of or emotional world and psychics, suppressing negative emotions and regulating our desires according to the situation. Freud, famous German psychiatrist and psychologist developed his own theory about religion and religious beliefs of people, according to which religious was a sort of illusion created by people in order to suppress definite sort of neurotics in human nature, caused by helplessness in the face of the uncontrolled world: [Religion] must exorcise the terrors of nature, [Religion] must reconcile men to the cruelty of fate, particularly as it is shown in death, and [Religion] must compensate them for the sufferings which a civilized life in common has imposed on them`. Freud argued that invention of religion was pretty much similar to the care of adults over children, so the adults had to invent a “heavenly father” who “would take care of them”.

Besides it, he continued to argue and promote this psychological views on the themes of religion as well, as it was a regulator of relations, introduced in order to suppress one’s ambitions, sexual desires and instincts substituting them by the promise to get “all goods” after death. Besides Freud has developed his concept of totemism, or a concept that laid in the origins of all the religions. Totem, or a special symbol that represented the status of chosen or sacred, according to Freud is often transformed into a certain ritual or practice which appears to have religious and mysterious features and qualities which are not practiced on regular bases but have taken place in the past.

Freud states that totemism laid into practice of many religions later, Christianity for example. Being well explained and having a good basement Freud’s theory still has a lot of weak points as it doesn’t include the understanding of a person as a social creature, it doesn’t take into consideration the rational side of religion and of spiritual human world and besides many of his concepts have no application in various religious practices that expand over the understanding of the Christian religion.

On the other hand Freud’s student and later his opponent, Jung argues, that human is motivated not just by instincts and sexual desires as Freud proposed, but is as well motivated by something unexplained and mysterious common features which he called collective unconscious which are similar to all people, no matter where they live, what heritage they are, etc. This “collective unconscious” made them to create a God and religion as a system of beliefs. In comparison to previous authors, Spiro comes with a new theory of religion’s origins stating that person believes simply because he has to, explaining it on the examples of children who imitate the behavior of adults.

Spiro sees religion not only the regulator of relations but a power that helps a person to satisfy his emotional, cognitive and expressive needs. As Spiro states that religion and god are the creation of the human imagination, so we can say that he is close in his ideas to some of philosophical Buddhism concepts. In this trend of Buddhism pagans and gods are mythological creations that are created by human psychics and if to look on Buddhism from this perspective then we would see that it’s nature already takes off all unclearness about this very question.

According to Spiro the human had created god and religion in order to insure that he is protected by the forces of supernatural kind and that they’ll assist him in his everyday life and will help him to be happy and have luck. Buddhism has pretty much similar ideas as it states that the human is in the center of the universe and only human is able to reach the highest level of enlightenment or nirvana, no one else even gods are able to do it, but they have the power and ability to help a man to reach nirvana and pave his way to perfection.

It also includes the idols created by human and the belief in them in order to assist in reaching the perfection and nirvana. Besides Spiro another author, Jung, has some similar traits in his religious theories that are close to the Buddhist concepts. Jung’s idea of collective unconscious explains a lot of religious aspects of Buddhism for example the concept of collective and individual salvation, through keeping to certain norms, moderate way of life, ascetic way of life, etc. In many ways these ideas are quite common to wide social groups and are perceived in the same way. The liberty that Buddhism gives in choosing gods and worshiping them, with the only rule of keeping to the core teaching also explains the “collective unconscious” concept of Jung.

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Research Paper on Military Tribunals

2012-01-02T09:30:00.001-08:00

Research Paper on Military Tribunals

On September 11, 2001 the USA was rocked by terrorist attacks on New York City and the Pentagon. The attacks where carried out by group known as al Qaida, who is based in Afghanistan. As a result the USA went to war once again. This was not a normal war against a country but a war against small groups of people that have been funded by several different countries. The war on terrorism has produced many prisoners. The question comes up what to do with them. They are not citizens of the United States for them most part. They are not representing a specific country in a war, so they are not prisoners of war. The US government decided that they actually where prisoners of war and can be prosecuted using a military tribunal.

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A military tribunal has a lot of differences from a traditional court. Military tribunals use a panel three to seven military officers as opposed to a 12 member public jury. In a regular trial the jury most be unanimous in its decision in the tribunal. It takes a two-thirds majority vote for conviction and punishment, except when the death penalty is the punishment in which case it has to be unanimous. The rules regarding evidence are a little more lax. Second hand evidence and hearsay are aloud in military tribunals they are not in a traditional trial. Prosecutors also do not need to prove the chain of evidence since that could mean exposing valuable intelligence resources. The defendants are provided with counsel from military lawyers and the can hire their own lawyer at their own cost. The biggest difference between military tribunals and traditional courts is in the appeals process. In a traditional court case the case could be reviewed by court of appeals. In a military tribunal the appeals process goes to a board of review and final review is made by the commander in chief. 1 So, why does President Bush want to use military tribunals? The answer is simple they are more efficient and there is a better chance of a conviction. There is a better chance of conviction because it only takes a two-thirds majority for conviction.

People have been arguing since it was announced that military tribunals would be used that the order was vague and would take away the rights of U.S. citizens. In the Presidential order signed by President Bush there are guidelines about who would and would not be tried before a military tribunal. Section two of the order states that A?a‚¬A“The term "individual subject to this order" shall mean any individual who is not a United States citizen with respect to whom I determine from time to time in writing that there is reason to believe that such individual, at the relevant times, is or was a member of the organization known as al QaidaA?a‚¬A?. This means that if you are a citizen of The United States of America and have not renounced your citizenship that you could not be tried under a military tribunal. You must be a citizen of another country and a member of a terrorist group ,such as al Qaida. Dick Chenney has also went on record and said "And the individuals that will be considered for that are, first of all, not American citizens -- they have to be non-citizens -- secondly, believed to have engaged in or be participating in terrorist attacks designed to kill Americans, or have provided sanctuary to those who are conducting terrorist operations against Americans." That means that a military tribunal could try people that harbor a terrorist or assist them in any manner.

The Question then turns to how can the United States of America try them if they did not actually commit a crime in the United States of America and they are not citizens of the United States of America? The Answer is a simple one. The acts of terrorism committed where an act of war against the United States, there for the terrorist, just like the Nazis, can be tried by a military tribunal for crimes committed against the citizens of the United States of America. Attorney General John Ashcroft said at a news conference "I think it's important to understand that we are at war now. And it's pretty clear that the acts of the terrorists on the United States soil against innocent individuals in the United States -- acts which have subsequently been endorsed by the terrorists in their statements about how they say the United States' innocent people deserve this kind of treatment -- these are acts of war". So by declaring war they set themselves up to be tried for war crimes committed against innocent people.

So, what is a war crime? A war crime is a crime committed against humanity during war. Some would say that war in itself is a crime against humanity. That may be the case. During war innocent civilians are hurt. They are not targeted on purpose. The terrorist of September 11, targeted civilians on purpose, yes they targeted military, but their main target was civilian. Now, the argument could be made that the people being tried by the military tribunals where not the ones that carried out the attacks. That is true, but they are the ones that protected them, provide them money and documents, and planned the attacks for them. So just because they did not fly the plane or take hostages they should not be tried? NO, they should be tried for their crimes. They are just as guilty as the people that where on the planes, and evidence can be gathered about them and their activities with terrorist groups.

What you argue that evidence that would not normally be emitted into a normal court is going to be used and it should not be used? The evidence in question is gathered from secret intelligence source. If the prosecutor had to reveal these sources then it would be even harder to stop terrorist in the future. Peter J. Wallison wrote "Even in revealing secret intelligence, it may not be possible to meet the standards of a US criminal court for convicting Mr. bin Laden or his co-conspirators. When the criminal justice system deals with organized crime, it is frequently unable to gain convictions without the testimony of someone who has direct knowledge of the culpability of the Mafia boss." Do you want a terrorist treated like a Mafia boss and thrown in jail for a conviction of tax evasion? They would be free to build bombs and terrorize people in no time. All for the sake of them knowing exactly where the evidence came from. Which they pass on to their friends who then use the information to ether kill the informants or feed them false information to make their work easier. Imagine the Federal Bureau of Investigation gets word that terrorists are going to blow up the Washington Monument. Resources are shifted to hunt down the terrorist in Washington and to protect the Washington Monument. In the mean time terrorists are in Seattle, Washington. They are building a bomb made from fertilizer and fuel oil. They put it in a truck and drive to downtown Seattle. They set a timer and walk away. An hour later BOOM the bomb blows up. It was parked out side the Space Needle. The bomb takes out the supports on side of the building. It starts to fall over into the building next to it, that build collapse into the building next to it and so on. The Federal Bureau of Investigation is then flooded with demands to know why they did not stop the attack when they have those secret intelligence resources. All because you wanted to see where the evidence came from in a trial for some one that would rather kill you then have you give him a buck.

What about appeals? Do you really care if they get to appeal a decision or are you just yelling about it because that is what citizens of the United States get. Face it the terrorist are not citizens of the United States, for the most part. Should the United States of America really have to provide them with an appeal? Don't worry rest easy, if they do not like the decision handed down by the military tribunal, let's face it if they are convicted they will not like the decision, they can appeal. The appeals go to a review board that that reviews the case and decides to overturn the decision or keep it. After the review board there is still another step for appeals. The Commander-in-Chief, or the President of the United States, reviews the case and makes the final decision. He is trusted to run the country so it makes sense that he would be trusted to make a decision on an appeal for a terrorist.

The terrorists that have been captured took up arms against the United States. Should they not be tried for trying to kill United States soldiers? The answer to that question has to be answered by every one. It's a personal decision. But, keep this in mind if these terrorist are not tried and convicted and are allowed to go free when will we see them again? Most likely it will be at the other end of a gun or building a bomb. Or worse yet running into a building, that you are in, with a bomb strapped to their chest to blow the building up.

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Self-Disclosure Essay

2011-12-26T11:28:00.000-08:00

Self-Disclosure Essay

(A) A very important form of interpersonal communication that you can employ in is talking about yourself, or also referred as self-disclosure. Self-disclosure is the process of revealing something about yourself to another person, in most cases revealing something that you usually keep hidden like a secret. Self-disclosure might involve information about your values, desires and beliefs, your behavior, and your self-qualities or characteristics.You can also self-disclose nonverbally for example by, wearing certain clothes with certain colors, wearing t-shirts with slogan, wearing earnings, having tattoos or a wedding ring that reveal who you are, or what you believe in, like your beliefs. Self-disclosure occurs in all forms of communicating, it can occur in small groups, in public speeches and in television talk shows. Self-disclosure varies by culture for example, in some countries like Great Britain and Japan people don't disclose as much as in the United States, in some countries like China students may believe that self-disclosing, can be inappropriate at times. Some cultures view self-disclosing as a weakness or coward ness, showing signs of low self-esteem or not being sure of something.

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Self-disclosure is also different among genders, woman tend to self-disclose more than men do, they tend to reveal more intimate information than men, and most commonly woman tend to disclose more than men about their previous romantic relationships, their feeling about their friends and their greatest fears. Women also seem to self-disclose more as the relationship becomes more intimate, whereas men don't change their self-disclosure levels.In self disclosure you reveal information to feel better or to let somebody know what your feeling or what you believe, self-disclosing happens everyday and everywhere and many times, we might not know that we are self-disclosing information. (B) In an incident in my life were I used self-disclosure to communicate information about myself to another person was two years ago. Two summers ago while in Mexico for vacation, I was determined to find a nice girl to meet and possibly one day to marry. One day I met this girl, and the moment I saw her, I knew she was one; she was the most beautiful woman I had ever seen and I had to meet her. The first time I talked to her was at a party, we started dancing and I began telling her about myself, the normal stuff like what my name was my age and were I was from, but when we sat down, our conversation changed totally.I began to disclosed information about myself that I normally kept to myself, I wasn't sure why I did this, but I later realized that I wanted her to know what I believed in, and who I really was as a guy, to get to know the real me. I told her that I was a nice guy who believed that in a relationship both partners had to treat each other equally and with respect, I told her that I was not a machismo individual. I told her that at times I could become grouchy and that at times I was very sweet and even that I was afraid of rats, something I always felt embarrassed revealing to anyone.I told her that I was a little shy among people and that I became very nervous when I had conversation with them. I even told her that I was addict to alcohol, something I never wanted to admit to anybody. My goal was to show her that I had confidence in myself by revealing my weakness and strengths.I wanted her to know that I wasn't scared to reveal the truth no matter what it was, by doing this I believed I was a doing a positive thing because I was demonstrating to her that I was a real man and not a sissy and it payoff because she got my point and she truly understood me and thanks to that we are enjoying a beautiful relationship. (C) The theory of self-disclosure explains what happened in my experience and also what happens in my everyday life because it demonstrates a lot of what self-disclosure is as defined, and also the effects it has towards people, or group of people in different kinds of situations and places. In my case I self-disclose myself to another person in order reveal my beliefs, values and desires, my behavior, and my self-qualities, I wanted to explain what I wanted with my life.I think I self-disclose information in a positive way, because it made a good impression about myself and also I self-disclose negative information about myself in order to demonstrate that I accepted my weaknesses and that I wasn't perfect. I also believe that self-disclosure explains what happens in my life, because everyday I disclose information to people, although it may not be as intimate or secretive all the time. I do it everyday to get a point across and that is to communicate to others freely and to get my point perfectly understood.As I got to know her better, I became more sociable and extroverted and in a way this made me self-disclose more to this special person. I couldn't of picked another theory for interpersonal communication; this theory fully explains what happen during that incident and what happens everyday in my life. (D) The theory of self-disclosure is important because being competent makes me have a greater self-confidence and makes me reveal more positive things, and with more self-confidence you become a better person.Showing more self-disclosure makes me more willing to risk possible negative reactions, self-disclosing myself has made me a better person, I have lost my shyness towards other people and I've become a positive thinker. Using self-disclosure helped me increase my self-knowledge, communication and relationship effectiveness, and physiological well-being. With greater self-knowledge I have gained a new perspective on myself, a deeper understanding of my own behavior, through self-confidence and I have gotten into a better position to see my positive responses. Self-disclosure helped me meet the nicest girl in the world, and by self-disclosing my hidden information, I won this girls hearth.If you want to be recognized and have good self-confidence, you have to be willing to disclose information about yourself to others so they fully can understand, who you are and what you believe in. Being self-disclosure or when someone discloses you is sign of trust and affection, it demonstrates that you are a peoples person and that is a plus these days. It is also proven that if you self-disclose you are less vulnerable to illnesses. If you self-disclose your information you feel good about yourself, because you let out some kind of information that probably worried you and now you feel better that you let it out. And because of this self-disclosure has helped me solved man.

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The Warriors Essay

2011-12-21T03:29:00.000-08:00

The Warriors Essay

It's Thanksgiving morning at about 7 o'clock and I am wide-awake. That night all I could think about was my last game as a senior at Andover High School. I tried to eat that morning but I couldn't and all I could see was the Eagle Tribune saying how the Warriors were 12-point underdogs against Central Catholic. All I could think about was how I would walk off that football field at the end of the game and wondering how I would be feeling. Wondering if I would be able to enjoy my Thanksgiving Day dinner at the end of the day. Wondering if this would be my last football game ever in my life. I am up in my room making sure I got all my clothes and equipment in my bag. It's 7:30 now and I am I walking out the door to which could be the beginning of the worst or best day of my life.

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As I drive up to the school, I can see a couple of my teammates getting out of their car and walking inside to the locker room. I'm wondering if the same thing going through my head is going through theirs. I get out of my car and start walking towards the field house. I look to the side of the big Blue door and I see the sign that the school put up because of us football players. "Don't wear cleats inside field house", and I can remember when it first went up and how many times I disobeyed that sign. I stood there looking at the sign and chuckled to myself and thinking about the past 3 years of football that I have played at this school. I walked into the field house, all the lights are off and all I can see is the light coming from the hall leading to my locker room. It seems like a long walk and I knew inside it was my last one from here to there to go get ready for a football game. I started walking to my locker room to go get ready for my last game against archrival Central Catholic.

As I walked towards the varsity locker room I could see the gym lockers on my right and the showers to my left. I walked up to my coach's office on my right and peaked in to say hi and I could see all the coaches making final changes to the defensive schemes and the offensive strategies. As I stood their talking to my head coach, a couple of senior football players walked by me trying to pump themselves up for the game. I stood their thinking about how they would play their last game as a senior and wondering if they were willing to go all out for the win. I head towards the varsity locker room door and I can see the picture of our emblem right above the door. It was a picture of a Bald Eagle standing with his chin held up high and his chest made known to those who stared upon him. I reached up high and tapped the sign for good luck. I start to open the locker room door and I knew from here on its time to play some football and give it my all.

I walk into the locker room and I can see all my teammates getting their uniform all ready. Everyone was standing in front of their locker either listening to the compact disc player or talking to themselves- it was as if everyone was in their own little world trying to pump themselves up for their last game of their high school career. I walked over to my locker and looked up and saw my nametag from football camp. I started to think about how this season started- from the first day of camp till the next 11 weeks in till my last game. I opened my locker and reached up and grabbed my cd player. I start listening to my football mix that I made at the beginning of the season to start to pump my self up. I remember the first song that played was Ozzy Ozbourne's "Crazy Train". This song always gets me in the mood to play football whether it's a practice, a scrimmage or a game, I always get in the state of mind that I need to be.

I reach into my bag and pull out my gold spandex football pants and my white game jersey. I start to put my pads into my girdle and into my game pants. After I get all my pads all set to the side and ready to put on, I start to get myself ready to play some football. I take off my clothes and put on my spandex short, pulled up my navy football socks and started to strap up my knee brace. I put on my girdle and tied it up and made sure everything was in and secure. I slid up my pants, tied the strings and tightened my belt. I knew I was ready to go out and play some football. I through on my cold weather under armor shirt and put on my old lucky cut up shirt over and headed out to the field house with my helmet, water and cleats in one hand and my jersey and shoulder pads in the other. I walked into the field house and sat down against the wall to listen to what my coach had to say about the offensive and defensive strategies and his last minute changes. As I sat there listening to the coach, I started to put on my cleats and strapped them up nice and tight and I started to do a light stretching while drinking my water. Before I knew it I was loading onto the bus to head on over to the Lawrence High School's stadium to play our archrival Central Catholic.

When I was getting off the bus I could look over to the football field and see all the red jerseys warming for the game. Our special teams walked over to the field to gain our side of the field to warm up. We were out their for about 20 minutes before I saw the line of white and gold jerseys leading from the locker room to the field and from that point on I new everyone came to play. Our whole team was out on the field in our lines for stretching and everyone was counting in sink with one another nice and loud. You could hear us throughout the whole stadium and it sounded great. When we were done stretching, everyone ran to their pre-game groups and started to warm up for the start of the game. Our pre-game offense was executing the plays with excellence and the defense was running through the blitz schemes perfect. We looked like we had come to play that day and it felt great to. Everyone knew it was going to be a good game because you could look into everyone's eyes see the gleam of happiness running through their veins.

Next thing I can remember was the referee's calling over our captains for the coin toss. We won the toss and we elected to receive the opening kick-off. Central decided to pick the side with the wind to help them kick the ball. All I can remember was the first play of the game, watching the ball leave the kickers foot and spin in the air to our deep man's hands. I can picture it now as if I was watching right now how I ran straight down the middle of the field into the end zone. With that first play of the game, the Andover Warriors go up 6 to 0 and from that point on all I can remember is that everyone on our team played their there heart's out. Every down of every series you could see our players give it their all and execute every play as it was drawn up. Everyone just seemed to be clicking right in sink and it was like watching a masterpiece being created.

That day, the Warriors walked away from that field feeling great about themselves in every possible way. There were no regrets that game because we all knew we left everything out on that field and the score showed that. We entered that field as underdogs and walked away as the top dogs with the score being 24-12. That night I enjoyed every second of my Thanksgiving Day meal and it was by far the best feeling that I have ever felt.

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What is Evil? Term Paper

2011-12-20T14:32:00.000-08:00

What is Evil? Term Paper

What is evil? Well, some of the dictionary definitions of evil are "Morally bad or wrong", "Causing ruin, injury, or pain" and "Characterized by or indicating future misfortune", to name a few. So as I pondered the question before me, I became more and more confused as to what my real thoughts were on this particular subject.

I started with, in my opinion, the most obvious and seemingly logical approach to the subject. Is there a "god" that is good and is there a "devil" that is bad? Well, as much as I would like to believe that there is a heaven and hell, I can't say with 100% certainty that there is. If I were to truly believe the "heaven/hell" theory, the question of "What is evil" would be too easy to answer and explain. God would have a hand in all the good things, while the Devil would have a hand in the bad, pretty straightforward. But I guess that would be too easy and it sure wouldn't make this essay very interesting.

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The only way that I could explain my position would be, and this sounds like a cop out, but it depends on the situation. For me, if something bad happens to a family member, friend, or myself then "God" must not have been looking out for us. He somehow should have stopped the "Devil" or at least intervened in some way to help out and look over one of his "faithful flock" (usually "faithful flock" only applies at or during the time of these unfortunate events). Funny thing is with this theory of mine, "God" usually isn't given very much credit when things go right or when there are no major problems to deal with. But that's another topic altogether. Another one of my thoughts (which are really starting confusing me at this point in the game) is that when "evil" things happen to total strangers, they happen because of bad luck or being at the wrong place at the wrong time. Unless of course there is an "evil" person involved, this changes to a new theory depending on the "evil" action of the individual. If it's a random act of "evil", then it's just unlucky. If the incident is an accident, which happens to a seemingly good and innocent person, than it could fall into the "faithful flock" theory. If the "evil" person premeditates it, than that "evil" person has either (a) mental problems that more than likely stem from a troubled childhood or (b) they could be possessed by demons of some sort. Let's not forget natural disasters, which most of the time look like the work of an "evil" force. I don't necessarily think that "evil" is involved in these cases; these could just be another example of "the wrong place at the wrong time" theory.

Well, I'm sure I can go on and on with all the different scenarios and which theory of mine could apply to them, but I'm starting to get a terrible headache (I'm probably being punished because I questioned the "God" theory). Anyway, the only real conclusion that I can come up with is that it all depends on the individual's beliefs and the situation that is in question. Maybe "evil" is just a word we use to categorize the negative events and situations that we have a hard time explaining or understanding. Or maybe, there really is "evil" out there, floating around looking for events or people to cling onto and force its will upon.

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Athletes and Steroids Research Paper

2011-12-13T04:32:00.000-08:00

Athletes and Steroids Research Paper

The major social problem in which I decided to use is Steroid abuse and the Athlete. The first article I used is "Abusing Anabolic Steroids"; this article discussed the facts of steroids and their effects. Some athletes over abuse steroids by taking hundreds of milligrams a day. This is called mega dosing; mega dosing is taking massive amounts of steroids by injection or pill. (www.doctorwhoswho.com) All athletes who are mega dosing on steroids are at great risks of side effects. Here are examples of side effects found commonly in males who abuse steroids: shrinking of testicles, impotence, reduced sperm count, baldness, difficulty or pain in urinating, development of breasts, and enlarged prostate. I funny but disturbing image of the side effects of steroids is shown in the movie "Fight Club" there is a ex-weightlifter who abused steroids, and the side effect of the abuse he had size DD breasts. Even though that was just a movie there are many abusers in the world who probably do suffer from this deformity. There are also side effects that men and women endure and are can be seen physically: High Blood Pressure, liver damage, acne, trembling, and aching joints. (www.doctorwhowhos.com) The article concluded that it is up to the athlete to find a way out of steroid abuse, and sometimes there are many athletes who have an addiction. It is just like the addiction to Marijuana, Cocaine, or any other type of Narcotic. The major addiction to steroids is the craving in which an athlete receives when he/she cannot acquire the steroid. Lastly this article gave me a good look on what to for when finding a person abusing or having the side effects of steroids.

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The second article I used is "Hazard Alert" by Pennsylvania State University professor Charles Yesalis. Yesalis identified some interesting points into his findings about the steroids Creatine and Androsteine. Yesalis at the beginning of the article discussed some financial facts on the black market of steroids in the United States. "Steroid sells in 1998 topped $100 million, and that was up from $5 million in 1997." ("Hazard Alert") Yesalis went on from there to give a proper definition of both Creatine and Androsteine. The quote on quote legal definition of Creatine, which not a defined a drug, is a food supplement. Yesalis thinks that it is "bunk", Creatine should really be defined as muscle enhancing drug. Creatine proper definition is an amino acid that enhances the fuel, which allow people to work out longer and more intensively. ("Hazard Alert") There are also side effects to Creatine also, some being; gastrointestinal gas and muscle cramping. The problem with Creatine side effects, the users will not go through any until 5-10 years later on in life. Yesalis lastly explains to parents of teenagers who are starting to use steroids, not to use it!! It will stunt growth of boys, and deepen the voices of the girls. ("Hazard Alert")

Yesalis also described "Androsteine", this steroid became popular when St. Louis Cardinal superstar Mark McGwire was question on whether he was using it or not. The definition of Androsteine is a sex steroid hormone, which converted your body to testosterone. Some of the side effects of Androsteine are liver damage, and also the risk of stroke. Yesalis says in his words "Androsteine should be outlawed." ("Hazard Alert")

Lastly in the article Yesalis stated some facts and figures on why professional sports have banned or put restrictions on certain steroids. Yesalis says "NBA, MLB, and the NHL, have kept their heads in the sand about major steroids and the abusers, but the NFL haven't kept their heads out of the sands." ("Hazard Alert") Yesalis stated some findings on steroid abuse "10%-30% of MLB players have abused steroids, while the NFL has 50%-80% of their players abuse steroids." The facts from the NBA and NHL were unavailable.

In conclusion Yesalis just wants the public to get a better understanding of the risks of abusing steroids.

The third article in which I used is "Throwing in the Towel" by Steve Rushin. This article was about doping in the NFL, and how it doesn't matter what you can do, there nothing much really to prevent it! Rushin brings up the statements on what doping in the NFL means: "Doping is everything that first, is harmful to an athlete's health, and second artificially augments their performances." (Throwing in the Towel) Rushin also expressed that drug testing in the NFL is obscure and unheard of, meaning there basically is none. Rushin at the end of his article summed it up by saying "Throwing in the Towel" formally means who cares about drug testing, its almost impossible to prevent, and nobody really gives a rat's ass about anyway!" ("Throwing in the Towel")

The 4th article I came across is "Girls on Steroids" by Christine Gorman. How many people in the world would realize that steroid abuse is not only a man problem? Not many would care to realize that, but there are about 175,000 or more women use steroids nationwide. Gorman also used a statement by a familiar person which I have used one of his articles in this paper, it is Professor Charles Yesalis. Yesalis reports "that many young women athlete's view steroid use as a straight forward investment into their future." (Girls on Steroids) Gorman uses the fact that since 1972 scholarships for women athletes have risen more than $20,000. This gives a woman something to work for, but thinking steroids are a better to work harder can bring about abuse. Gorman also included into the article some side effects, which can hinder a women physical being. Some of the side effects being; voice gets deeper, facial hair, changes in cessation of menstrual cycle, and enlargement of the clitoris. As we can see in Gorman article that females not have the abuses, but they have the same side effects.

The 5th article is a recent one taken from excite.com newsreel. It talks about Romanian Gymnastics star Andrea Raducan, and how she tested positive for a post Olympics drug test. Raducan did win a gold medal, but it was stripped from her due to the drug test. She also cannot participate in the 2004 Olympic games.

There was another person in the Olympics who also tested positive was U.S. shot puter C.J. Hunter. He was tested 4 times for using the anabolic steroid nandrolone. The Olympics have been cursed of steroid abuse since Canadian sprinter Ben Johnson tested positive. I picked this article because it was produced and shown to the public all over the world. I think this article can send listens to people trying or engaging in some kind of steroid abuse in any types of sports.

My position on steroid abuse and athlete's who them are, why? Why do they continue to use something that in fact will help for a short amount a time, but could hurt them forever! I asked myself the question, why do athlete's seem to think that these drugs will help them be a new person. Being an athlete myself, I do not turn to steroids of any kind to help me in my career. I think that some athletes hide behind the steroids, instead of bringing their real person out. I like to know when I am out in the field of play that I am working hard because I pushed myself to, not because some strength enhancer helping me. I have friends who think that the stuff they are using like Creatine, Rip Fuel, or any other sort of enhancer is helping them out, and making them work harder. Determination to me is my steroid. I love to abuse it, working hard, listening, and doing the right thing, that my abuse!

As a law, 1988 Anti-Drug Abuse Act made distribution and possession of any anabolic steroid for non-medical reasons a federal offense. Also many states have begun to make laws in which regulates Steroids abuse. I don't think law matters to many athletes who are using steroids. Athletes will do whatever they feel like doing. Until they get caught there no wrong doing. I found a quote that best suits my paper in its entirety. "We see people not being able to see their lives falling apart, people trying to get off the drug and not being able to!" Kenneth Yashkin and Herbert Kleber, Yale University.

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Civil Rights Research Paper

2011-12-13T02:55:00.000-08:00

Civil Rights Research Paper

Civil Rights
Martin Luther King an exceptional civil rights leader who began the major change in the south that we in fact see today. Before King came on the scene there were many problems with diversity in the south. Blacks were not allowed to eat or even go to the same places as the whites; everything that was available was segregated. Due to King he began the most powerful step in the right direction on the fight against segregation in the south. He started small then worked his way politically toward Washington DC, which without a doubt was an awesome move. That move in particular made all the hurt and pain of the blacks visible to the whole nation to see and decide for them where we stand in terms of diversity as a nation.

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In our society today I really believe that we have come a long way from the spraying and restaurant segregation however it is not those acts that I am concerned about; I just want to be treated fairly. Whether it be for employment or even school or excepted by another race, I just believe that once we can see past the color of ones skin and start to examine ones character we will have defeated diversity. Furthermore some people look at diversity as a bad thing, however that is absolutely not the case. That is necessity for a society to learn about one another and be able to live comfortably together. Really lets break it down, what if our whole nation was red and I mean everything people, cars, homes, and even everyday paper, how boring would that be, there would be no change, and you could actually save you opinion because there would be no use for one. Looking at diversity in more ways then just the color of ones skin really puts diversity in perspective, and really makes us realize how lucky we are to have many colors and now we should just stop taking it for granitite and appreciate the many colors that we have.

In terms of me actually standing up for diversity I am indirectly involved in NAACP with my mother who is a lifetime member. And that's an excellent way to get your feet wet in the muddy waters of diversity.

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Talents Deserve Respect Term Paper

2011-12-11T06:16:00.000-08:00

Talents Deserve Respect Term Paper

Like a newly born child, a school-graduate cautiously digs his way into life. Armed with dreams and ignorant enthusiasm, he starts his goal- quest. Racing his fellow colleagues, thinking that his success is in out running them. The idea that the grass is greener on the other side of the fence becomes his every day dilemma.

The fact that life is easier after school often becomes a myth, shortly after school. Unfairly divided shares, which are claimed to be fair in human standards, are the basic ingredients of a hard life recipe. For example, a certain criterion is developed to decide how people should be chosen for a certain task. And as usual, every criterion has its exceptions. So people with exceptions start to fill the places, until few are left for people with no exceptions.

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Lack of experience with the absence of authorized guidance also form a major obstacle. "Nobodies" become experts in all fields. And everybody claims to know better. Refusing to admit that the wrong advice was taken, the person starts to blame his failure on his performance, despite the fact that he might have done his best.

Self-confidence and contentment with performance are good weapons to fight failure. Believing that the opportunity in hand is satisfying for that time being, and working towards success no matter how small the achievements appeared, are good weapons too. Hard work and commitment always pay. If they did not, then the problem is in the task itself. It would be appropriate then to seek new opportunities, and it is never too late.

If a person knows, and previously proved, that he deserves better than what he got. That if he is offered better opportunities, and his abilities were respected and highly considered much more than they are, he would be more creative. He should seek for what he believes is better. People must respect superior abilities. Gifted and talented individuals must be given a fair chance to be what they were meant to be; creative pioneers.

Money should never stand in the way of education. Money is a mean and should never be a goal. No matter what, the most important thing in life is Man and his dignity. Each person in this world deserves to live a decent life, to be respected regardless of his origin, race, religion or physical state. Humans were created equal, and should be treated upon this fact. Respecting humanity is best reflected in the rejection of terrorism. Violence will never be the way to solve problems or to prove point of views. All efforts should be devoted to maintain world peace in order to ensure ultimate happiness for mankind.

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Reality TV Research Paper

2011-12-11T02:16:00.000-08:00

Reality TV Research Paper

It seems that lately whenever I sit down at night and turn on the television there is a common trend among many of the channels. As I begin to flip trough them, the majority of what I see is this so called reality TV. Sometimes there is a group of people living together in a house and seeing who will annoy the others to the point where they can no longer take it. Others have a man dating 11 women and then getting to take his pick of whichever one he wants. One other one I like is when contestants are trying to eat more cockroaches than their opponents do in a minute. Who's "reality" is that? I sure don't know anybody who lives their lives doing these kind of ridiculous things. Nothing in reality TV is actually based upon "reality" except maybe that there are real people in them. They portray a false image to their audience by making them believe that this "reality" is actually common in many people's lives. It's just taking an opportunity to show people at their worst, finding new and innovative ways of degrading them.

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Having, "real people," in the shows is one of the main reasons that people are drawn to watching reality TV. By "real people," I mean people that the average American can relate to. The viewers are led to thinking, "Oh my gosh, can you believe he or she did that? I would never do that!" It is the idea that we could if we wanted to, take part, which has its appeal for many, sometimes even subconsciously. People are always curious about other people and they think that this is a great opportunity to look into others lives. It is just instinct, the same kind that makes us want to look at an accident. But the "real people" that are supposedly in the TV shows are normally not the kind of person that the viewer actually can relate to. The producers of the shows seem to make sure they take the most ignorant, unique, and crazy people they can find. I was even watching one show where one of the contestants said, "This is crazy, everyone in this house has problems, we were all neglected as children and haven't grown up in to normal human beings."

Some reality shows have started to push that slim line of even being able to have the word "reality" in their name. Some shows such as Fear Factor and Dog Eat Dog, are commonly referred to as reality TV. The only thing that they remind me of is a game show, and I don't know why they wouldn't just be classified as one. Really, that is what all of these shows could be called. They all have the same concept of a game show. Sometimes there are groups that are divided into different teams and they try to beat each other at games. There are always contestants competing against each other to achieve the ultimate goal. This goal can vary anywhere from a large sum of money, to a wife or husband.

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Getting Accepted into College Research Paper

2011-12-05T14:38:00.000-08:00

Getting Accepted into College Research Paper

Its all about giving and taking. And not just in relationships, its life's motto. I already know what I will be offered during my university experience and what I want to take from it, but what do I have to give in return? I have a strong, influential personality, a powerful mind, an intrinsic love for interacting and debating with people, a desire to experience and learn new things, and, most importantly, controversial beliefs and a unique cultural background. Not a bad bargain in my opinion.

As an Arab American, I have experienced a lot of change. Being from Egypt originally, and having spent the first six years of my life in America and the rest of my life in Kuwait, I have yet to define my "home." Diversity has become a way of life for me and I have acquired a strong affinity for challenges, and setting high standards and achieving them.

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I have been a hardworking perfectionist since the very beginning, always looking for new opportunities to test my skills and improve them. Throughout my high school career I have joined several clubs and enrolled in challenging and exciting courses. I joined the Photography Club and the Drama Club. I joined Model United Nations and participated in a nationwide, three day conference which included delegates from almost all American and English schools in Kuwait. I participated in the Global Young Leader's Conference which took place in Washington for eight days and another four days in New York. It was an amazing experience, and I met many of the three hundred and fifty people attending the conference from seventy-five different countries.

I've taken elective courses such as Psychology, Sociology, Geography, Speech, and Spanish to increase my knowledge. I've taken AP English 11 in which I scored the only 4 in my class, and AP Biology in which I earned a 5. I am a member of National Honor Society, and I tutor students at my school as a service to our community. I have been president of the Community Service Club for two years. I have organized several large parties at the local orphanage and weekly hospital visits.

I love dealing with people, especially when I am able to improve someone's life. It makes me feel very good about myself when I do something, no matter how small, that touches someone. Even if it is just a smile on the person's face, knowing that I put it there is the most satisfying reward.

I am proud to be a Muslim, and my religious beliefs do not hinder me in any way from meeting new people and pursuing knowledge about other religions and cultures. I thoroughly enjoy having discussions with different people and I am proud of my open mindedness and objectivity. I have a great respect for all people, and I do not believe in judging others by anything but their personalities and behavior. My circle of friends is very diverse. I am proud to have Muslim, Jewish, Christian, Buddhist, and Atheist acquaintances.

My eyes light up and my heart begins to race every time I think about being accepted at the University of Texas at Arlington. I can't wait to learn. Learn new skills and hobbies, take new challenging courses and eventually obtain a degree, experience different cultures and religions. It's almost too much excitement to bear.

I also look forward to giving back to the knowledge process. I want to teach people the true meanings of Islam and give them a more objective perception of Arabs and our culture. I look forward to being distinguished in the university for my academic abilities, but also for my personality, and for wearing hejab, the Islamic head scarf. I look forward to giving the learning community as much as I take, and more.

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Term Paper on Cal Ripken

2011-12-05T03:01:00.000-08:00

Term Paper on Cal Ripken

This is a book simply about Cal Ripken, Jr.'s, life. It tells about his childhood, where he grew up, his family, and his love for baseball as a kid. The author talks about Cal's baseball career as a little leaguer and in his High School career. He lists the places Cal, Sr., managed and the places Cal, Jr., played. The book also mentioned Cal's big league career and the records he holds in it. The author even talks about Cal's experience as the Rookie of the Year in 1982 and the Major League's MVP in 1983. This book really got into detail about his life.

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Cal Ripken, Jr., was just an ordinary kid who loved the game of baseball and loved to compete. He grew up in a household of four kids. His mother's name was Vi Ripken. He loved his mother and he had great respect for her. She Mainly took care of the four kids. His dad was on road a lot. His dad was the manager of the Oriole's minor league team through all of Cal's childhood, so he learned a lot about the game of baseball and went to a lot of his dad's games. Cal had a very close relationship with his dad. Even though they didn't see much of each other when Cal was a kid, they got along well and talked a lot about baseball together. Cal tried to learn any little tips he could form his dad and the minor league players on his dad's team. When the team practiced, Cal and his little brother, Billy, went out and shagged balls for the team. Cal was the batboy for the team during the games. Cal grew up playing baseball, watching his dad's team play, and making a competition out of anything he did with his brothers or sister. At the age of seventeen, Cal was already playing for the Orioles in the minors. By the time Cal got to the minors his dad had gotten a job as a coach for the Baltimore Orioles. Only a couple of years later Cal was in the majors with the Baltimore Orioles. Cal had an amazing start in the majors. In 1982, Cal was named Rookie of the year. In only his second year, Cal was the league's MVP. Not long after, his younger brother Billy was on the team. The three Ripkens were the talk of the majors. Cal got along with his brother very well. You could see them talk on the field during the games. Cal was the starter at short while Billy was at second. Cal was in the majors for nineteen years. Every year he made amazing plays and added to his numbers. Just this year he retired from baseball finishing number eight on the chart for the best to ever play the game. In many persons minds he was the best to ever play the game.

This book takes place during Cal's childhood all the way until now. Cal has lived in many different places do to his dad getting different managing jobs. He has lived in fifteen different cities growing up. Most of Cal's life was in Baltimore, Maryland.

I really liked this book. It gave plenty of good and interesting info on Cal's life. I thought it was cool to learn about how much Cal loved baseball and how far you can get with just a simple love for the game. I love play, watch, read, and learn about baseball. That made the book even better. Cal seems like a person I would like to meet someday. I've got to see Cal play once before in the old County Stadium. He had an excellent day against the Brewers that day. That made the book a little more interesting. I would recommend this book to any baseball fan.

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Horse Research Paper

2011-12-04T02:59:00.000-08:00

Horse Research Paper

I chosen a picture of a horse for my tattoo. I see them as a very beautiful and graceful animals. They are commonly known for their strength and speed. They are powerful and also brave. They are popular around the world for it's amazing ability to race. I portrait them as really gentle animals.

I choose the horse cause it's symbolizes my strength , spirit and heart. I see myself as a very friendly person. I don't fight but yet I am not a coward. I also choose the horse it also represents freedom. Freedom is really important in my life. So many people lives in a country with limited freedom unlike in Canada where we have many rights and privileges. I never take freedom for granted, I know it's hard to live life without freedom.

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If I was going to have a tattoo, I would be placing it on my shoulder where it's not too exposed or too hidden. I don't see tattoo makes you attractive or impressive. It just gives people who wears them they are tough and "cool". It is also looks unproffesional and draws too much attention which is distracting.

I choose the horse cause it's symbolizes my strength , spirit and heart. I see myself as a very friendly person. I don't fight but yet I am not a coward. I also choose the horse it also represents freedom. Freedom is really important in my life. So many people lives in a country with limited freedom unlike in Canada where we have many rights and privileges. I never take freedom for granted, I know it's hard to live life without freedom.

If I was going to have a tattoo, I would be placing it on my shoulder where it's not too exposed or too hidden. I don't see tattoo makes you attractive or impressive. It just gives people who wears them they are tough and "cool". It is also looks unproffesional and draws too much attention which is distracting.

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The Odyssey Research Paper

2011-11-29T03:12:00.000-08:00

The Odyssey Research Paper

Homer's The Odyssey depicts the life-altering journeys of the Greek hero, Odysseus, and his son, Telemachus. Their rites of passage are similar in nature as both father and son have to learn how to overcome their "harmatias" (tragic flaws) and to reestablish "cosmos" (order) in their psyches. Telemachus journey, in particular, is the classic paradigm of a self-effacing boy maturing into manhood.

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With his father lost at sea for over 10 years, Telemachus is a person searching for the outside world, a world he does not know or understand. As the uninitiated son, he needs to break away from his familial and communal support structures and learn how to fend for himself. While his rite of passage subsequently allows him to celebrate his maturation into manhood, it also allows him to define his life goals without the interference of the suitors, who are usurping Telemachus throne and courting his mother.

Indeed, it is the suitors who act as the catalysts for Telemachus process of self-realization. The suitors are boisterous men unschooled in appropriate behavior who eat like pigs, have no manners, and are disrespectful towards conventions and accepted protocol. Moreover, they blatantly disregard the warnings from their elders, the "keepers of wisdom," blaming others for their misfortune.

In contrast to the suitors, Telemachus has to learn to be tactful, to have poise in action as well as speech, and to exhibit a zest for life and adventure. When he leaves Ithaca in search of his father, he travels the seas, learns about his father and incidentally about himself. When he returns to Ithaca, he is an assertive young man who would rather face responsibility and adversity than to run away. By turning chaos into cosmos, this transformed Telemachus is now capable of defining his own identity and regaining control of his kingdom.

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Research Proposal on Downsizing

2011-11-28T02:35:00.000-08:00

Research Proposal on Downsizing

Downsizing is the elimination of part of the workforce, especially in business and government, ostensibly for achieving a more efficient and cost-effective organization. It became an issue in the early stages of the 1996 U.S. Presidential campaign. Some think it was spawned by Pat Buchanan's political ambitions, a temporary blip on the screen. The politicians who won in 1996 would like us to believe that the problem has disappeared, that everything is fine and that they should receive the credit for their sound economic policies. Recent news reports about the employment picture give some support to that claim. Consider this lead from a recent article in the business section of The Boston Globe:

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Even before Stephanie Balaouras graduated from Wellesley's Babson College, the 21-year-old senior had offers from two employers, including a spot at Andersen Consultants that seemed to have everything she wanted: travel, educational opportunities, and a salary range of $35,000 to $38,000 a year.

It isn't that Balaouras is extraordinarily lucky. A tight labor market, coupled with increased demand for skilled employees, has made this year's graduating class the hottest in years.

The Class of 1997 can boast of two, three, even four job offers each.

In April of 1997, unemployment in Massachusetts was at 4.1 percent, down from 9.1 percent in 1991.4 Some people believe that the downsizing that has taken place during the past decade is a function of the cyclical nature of economic activity, but analysis of the long-term trends in the world's economy leads to the opposite conclusion. Downsizing is not a temporary phase of a rosy economic picture. It is part of a major transformation that will radically alter the entire meaning and function of work in the global marketplace as well as governmental organizations.

The very nature of work itself, as we have known it since the Industrial Revolution, has changed and will never be the same again. The New York Times study of downsizing attributes some of the recent interest in the phenomenon of layoffs to the fact that the disappearing jobs are increasingly those of higher-paid white-collar workers in large corporations who are at the peak of their careers. The anecdotes in the New York Times series focus on the managers whose employment has been terminated, but a New York Times editorial responding to the series concludes that "the families suffering the most right now are those at the bottom end of the scale, and that the distribution of wealth in the United States is growing increasingly inequitable."

David M. Gordon, a radical economist and director of The Center for Economic Policy Analysis at the New School for Social Research until his recent untimely death, gathered considerable evidence for the view that it continues to be workers, not managers, who are bearing the burden of the current economic trends. He challenges the claim that downsizing stems from the fact that corporations have become "lean and mean." In his book Fat and Mean, Gordon insists that "the requiem for middle management has been premature," pointing out that in the U.S. there were more managers in 1994 than there were in 1989 when downsizing began. A new study by Professor Sherrill Spies, of Texas A&M University, supports Gordon's position. The Clinton administration has bragged about the increase in the number of new jobs in recent years, but Gordon points out that two million of those jobs, a quarter of the total net expansion, is "more than double the managerial share at the beginning of the recovery." He claims that the real problem in the U.S. is top-heavy corporations where the managerial class engages in "crude, arrogant and often gratuitous exercises of power" and where lower-paid workers are alone among advanced countries, because they have actually suffered "absolute declines in real earnings over the past couple of decades." The average hourly compensation for production workers in manufacturing in the U.S. is eighth out of the twelve top countries, far behind Germany, Belgium, and Japan. Gordon's proposed solution to the problem is that U.S. business should take "the high road," proposing a five-step program that would be an antidote to downsizing in particular and the poor treatment of workers in general. What should be done?

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Rita Dove Research Paper

2011-11-26T02:45:00.000-08:00

Rita Dove Research Paper

Myth and Reality
By exploring myths, we can explain our own personal circumstances. In Mother Love (1995), Rita Dove explores the relationships between mother and daughter through the redefinition of Demeter and Persephone's myth. In fact, by reimagining the myth one can obtain many resonances with the present. This is the important point of Rita Dove's work: the fact of considering past close to the present, or coexisting with it.

In this paper, I will try to analyze the sonnet Demeter's Mourning, as a clear example of how our personal experience can be reinterpreted many times looking back into the backgrounds of our culture, because in every single individual there is this "Great Mind" which it was defined by Yeats. In this sense time and history represents our individual existence. And this is the point of Dove's Literature. By revitalizing the language, by redefining not only the Afro-American tradition (as Hughes or Brooks did), but also the universal concepts of Love, Died, History, Time, etc., with an accurate use of American English, she has gave a new impulse to American Language with the use, why not, of classical forms, as sonnets, odes, vitanelle, and so on (Vendler 62-63).

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First of all, we have to say that Rita Dove is one of the most important figures in the Contemporary History of American Poets. Poet Laureate of the United States and Consultant in Poetry from 1993 to 1995. The poet was born in 1952 in Ohio; she decided to be a poet when being only a child. She grew up in a scientific environment (his father was a chemist) and her motivation for reading father's book written in German made her to learn this language. She was Summa cum laude from Miami University of Ohio, and Full bright Scholar in Germany. She received her Master of Fine Arts degree at the University of Iowa. It was there where she met her husband to be, German novelist and playwright Fred Viebahn. Together, the two currently reside in Charlottesville, Virginia with their daughter Aviva. She is presently a Commonwealth Professor of English at the University of Virginia where she teaches creative writing. She has published, among others, six poetry collections, among them Thomas and Buelah, which were awarded the Pulitzer Prize in 1987. She is also the author of the novel Through the Ivory Gate and the drama The Darker Face of the Earth, which premiered at the Oregon Shakespeare Festival in 1996 and was subsequently produced at the Kennedy Center in Washington, D.C., and other theaters. Her song cycle Seven for Luck, with music by John Williams, was first performed with the Boston Symphony Orchestra at Tanglewood in 1998. Her last work is On the Bus with Rosa Parks (1999).

It has to be said that when Dove began to work with this particular myth, her daughter, Aviva, was five years old. Influenced by German literature, she began to write about Demeter, a female divinity, in the same way that Rilke had written his Orpheus, a male. The result was a deep analysis of intertextuality of myth and reality, both linked by certain psychological mechanisms inserted in our memory and in our emotions.

At first, we must say that Mother Love is a whole sonnet cycle. It is not by chance, of course, that Dove chooses this poetical form to develop her personal story. Sonnet reflects love explicitly. The lover, Persephone (Aviva), is an ideal object, for which the speaker tries to obtain her feeling. Looking back into the greatest poets (Spenser, Sidney, Shakespeare) we acknowledge how sometimes there is not a practical realization of this desire, circumstance that transforms love into suffering, ideal world. Demeter suffers eternity because she does not accept that her daughter is have being raped by Hades and went to Underground. This suffering is transformed into mourning, which it is repeated any time by making the earth infertile, the plant life ceases to grow.

Demeter Mourning as the title of the poem it can represents several aspects of any mother's mind. Demeter is the goodness of Goddess of the earth, agriculture and fertility, is the last creator of life and she is eternal as well as her agony by loosing physical proximity with her daughter. She realizes this new reality. Dove realizes that Aviva is growing up, that physical separation (when the daughter, for example, goes to school) is not eternal (as well as Demeter knows that Persephone's return is a fact) but she cannot be happy because her possibility of possessing the personal universe of the child has disappeared. In this way, Dove cannot be consoled; there is no pain that can be absorbed, neither the sing of a bird (v.13).

In the first stanza, she clearly exposes that there is no consolation for this sorrow. Even if you try to "make skin sigh, or dispense yellow roses" it does not matter. Yellow roses can represent Hades betrayal. Or it can represent the apparent friendships of Hades versus Demeter. But really these roses are dispensed. We suppose they are dispensed on the floor, which is part of Demeter's soul. Earth and Nature are linked and they cannot be separated as well as they complete each other. So, "nothing turns the gold to corn" it is a reflection of time. I cannot change time; the poet cannot turn back into the past. The gold, that is Persephone, cannot turn to be a corn, that is, I cannot make time to stop. This is the main conflict of the poet: she cannot make her child turn to her belly. There is no solution. Time is the main question here. Eternity, Time, and Earth are correlated to the origin of the world. There is no consolation for my sorrow.

In the second stanza, we arrive to the "volta" of the poem. It says: "I will not ask for the impossible/one learns to walk by walking "(V.8-9).

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Prairie Literature Research Paper

2011-11-25T02:08:00.000-08:00

Prairie Literature Research Paper

In order to successfully write prairie literature, one must incorporate landscape into their story. David Arnason's "The Ogress" and Vanderhaeghe's "Fraud" are quite similar in their use of landscape but differ slightly on some regards. To bring landscape into their stories, they used three main ideas. They had their antagonists struggle to create a sense of identity and become rooted in a home, through the use of prairie based imagery, and through the conquest of territory along with the hardships of prairie life today.

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In agreement with Mandel, I state, the reason the prairies have such trouble creating an identity and getting rooted into a home is because everyone who lives here, had a forefather that migrated here only a handful of generations ago. Everyone who migrated here also brought their own culture and identity with them because they came from quite a few different countries. This difference in culture and beliefs really makes it difficult for the prairies to establish their own identity. "Mentally, I was being brought up a genteel Victorian boy, Physically, emotionally, like Stegner's words, I was a sensuous little savage. The contradictions didn't strike me then; only later, in the attempt to locate a self, a place." (46 Mandel) Prairie writers have to base their culture and tradition around Europe because the prairies have not established a tradition of their own. So, culturally, prairie landscape can be brought into a story through this idea, having the antagonist struggle to create an identity and home. This idea is portrayed in both the works of Arnason and Vanderhaeghe. In both stories, the antagonist is struggling to create a sense of identity. Both of their lives are basically just lies. In each case, the alternate ego is manipulative and cruel. They both are losing or have lost control of their lives. "Because you had no restraint. You would have depopulated the whole town." (53 Arnason) "and still, he can't shake the queer feeling that he's had ever since he laid eyes on her - that he's losing control of his own life." (160 Vanderhaeghe). These two people sound like they have an identical problem; they can't control themselves. This similarity can be further developed by showing that both antagonists are having a tough time settling down and becoming rooted in a home. In "Fraud", Reg definitely is in need of a home to help him settle down. He is constantly complaining about his nerves and about his stomach problems. "Tomorrow he'd have her buy a water bed for him; he'd always wanted one but his previous life had made one impractical." (166 Vanderhaeghe) In the end, Reg finds himself a home and tries to settle in. "The Ogress" is a much similar pattern. She never feels as though she fits in, in her house, in fact she quite often tells us she must have been adopted. This lack of comfort and feeling of fitting in, is the comparison between "The Ogress" and "Fraud". Each story helps us realize what the prairies are all about. The prairies are relatively new on the time line. They have just begun to establish an identity, and that's why its residences are just beginning to get comfortable themselves. Both antagonists find a little closure in the end of their short stories. Along with sense of identity, you could also look at the conquest of territory and hardships as a valid source of landscape.

"The conquest of territory is by definition a violent process. In the Canadian West as elsewhere on this continent, it involved the displacement of the indigenous population by other scandalous means, and then the taming of the land itself." (11 Kreisel) So why shouldn't that come across in prairie writing today? In fact it does in both short stories.

Arnason's antagonist is the epitome of what is stated above. She conquers her territory, quite violently, displacing her people by scandalous means. It is true that the reality is different. She isn't displacing people for land or wealth, like the English did with the Native Americans, she's merely trying to better her own circumstances. But these are the prairie's today. Hardships have definitely changed. Scandalous politics and bullying jocks seem to be some of the hardships associated in "The Ogress", but just as in the 1700's it still isn't right. Killing Native Americans and stealing their land wasn't right then, just as eating someone because you dislike them is wrong now. Vanderhaeghe's antagonist also displaces the population by a scandalous mean but in his case, he does do it for wealth. Stealing is his job. The economic hardships in "Fraud" are placed on economic worries and environmental change. In this day and age, the man makes a living by cheating and lying and stealing from relatively weak and defenceless people. All of which the English did to take the land in the first place. Vanderhaeghe uses the imagery "dog-eat-dog world" (152 Vanderhaeghe). Giving us a sense of the instability of the prairies even today. Some two hundred plus years after the battle for the land. Arnason and Vanderhaeghe both used the history of prairie establishment as a way to bring landscape into their stories. Arnason's antagonist being much more vicious, but Vanderhaeghe's much more scandalous. Both of which prairie history is full of. Conquest of territory and hardships can be a powerful landscape tool but you can also use imagery to get your point across.

Another way to bring landscape into a story is through geographic landscape. Imagery allows the reader to feel and see the prairies in their mind. It relates things that may not seem very farmer-like to the prairies. This helps us understand the mentality of a farmer. I can see how a farmer may relate the same thing. Imagery allows us to understand and relate to something by bringing it down to a simple concept and by bringing it close to home. Kreisel believes the same thing. The prairies are one of a kind, unlike any other part of the world. Few houses, flat lands, and clear acreage allowing you to see for miles. This is just one of the reasons imagery can be so powerful on the prairies. The prairies are really quite unique. It can give a real good idea of what it is like to live here. Arnasons use of imagery is not prairie oriented. He gives us pictures of flavours of ice cream, computers, and golf courses. In fact the whole short story is basically based around a golf course and golf was invented in Europe. That shows his mentality is still somewhat European. Arnason and Vanderhaeghe's short stories are conflicting in this regard. Vanderhaeghe uses some wonderful imagery helping me to get a real good prairie feel. Vanderhaeghes use of prairie imagery allows him to locate the story anywhere geographically that he wants. This holds true because prairie literature is a state of mind, not place. Some of Vanderhaeghe's best imagery are "bird-like nips at her whisky", "One bad apple can spoil the barrel", "corral that loon" and "Cora crooned "Moon River" the whole time."(157-163 Vanderhaeghe) This kind of imagery allows the reader to be the man in the prairies, to see what he sees and feel what he feels. It really shows Vanderhaeghes love for the prairies and that his heart and mind will always reside here, no matter where he may be. That is something that Arnason is missing in his literature; a real passion. He knows how to write prairie literature but he doesn't know how to feel prairie literature. His mind may be in the prairies but his heart, it seems is not. You can take his words and feelings and place them anywhere in the world, and he still fits in. He also seems very historical. He wants to relate everything back to where it originated. To really give a story a prairie feel, you need to have experienced prairie life, and it has to be buried in your heart. You have to relate everything to one thing; the prairies.

Arnason and Vanderhaeghe both did wonderful jobs of making landscape a part of their short stories. They each had their antagonists struggle to create a sense of self and belonging. They each had their antagonists conquest territory and scandalously displace the population in some way. The only real difference came in imagery. Arnason's lack of imagery didn't allow me to really connect with his story, unlike that of Vanderhaeghes, which I connected with quite easily.

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TaeKwon-do Research Paper

2011-11-24T02:30:00.000-08:00

TaeKwon-do Research Paper

At the risk of sounding cliched, TaeKwon-Do to me is more than just a sport or hobby or pastime, but, rather, a way of life. It has consumed me more than family, friends, school, or any other sport I have ever played.

As Grandmaster is fond of pointing out, when I first came to him, I was weak, insecure, selfish, dishonest, lazy, et cetera. In other words, a typical American teenager. However, in 2 years, with the help of Grandmaster Kang, I was transformed from that feeble child to a man. Not only have my physical abilities increased exponentially, but also I have adopted the Tenets of TaeKwon-Do into my everyday life. Self-Control, Patience, Indomitable Spirit, Humility, Loyalty, Conviction of Ultimate Victory, and Honesty are now an integral part of my being.

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In the 14 years before I started TaeKwon-Do, I played just about every sport possible in America. Baseball, basketball, football, hockey, soccer, track, skiing, and a few others. However, although I participated in all for several years, none of them really appealed to me. They were all so pointless and mundane. They were purely physical activities. I knew I wanted something more, but I didn't know what, until I first came to TaeKwon-Do.

Before I began TaeKwon-Do, I was routinely picked on and made fun of by other children, but now, although I have never threatened or had to use my skills, people respect me. They respect me simply on the reputation that martial arts practitioners have acquired. Also, I have more friends now because my self-confidence level has increased dramatically and I am not embarrassed to speak my peace.

Another way that TaeKwon-Do has helped me is physically. TaeKwon-Do has increased my physical abilities immeasurably. Before, I was a very weak, frail boy, but now I am strong and healthy like never before. I used to get sick very frequently, but I haven't been seriously sick ever since I started training. I used to have allergies, but after only two years, they have all but disappeared, something that the doctor said would take five years, if at all. My knees and lower back used to be in pain regularly, but I haven't experienced these pains much at all since I started TaeKwon-Do. Also, just the way that training has conditioned my body and muscles has made me better in other physical activities. For example, my balance, coordination, speed, reflexes, and so on. Besides, as with any strenuous exercise, I just feel better. Because the fat and toxins are washed out, I feel cleaner and breathe easier.

Besides physically, TaeKwon-Do has also done wonders for me as a person. As any serious student of Grandmaster knows, you can't just come in for class, and then leave TaeKwon-Do at the dojang. TaeKwon-Do is training for life. Just look at the most successful black belts. Chances are, they are also very successful in life, business, and their family life. My progress in TaeKwon-Do has been directly proportional to my success in other areas of life. Take, for example, my schoolwork. Before I started martial arts, I was a poor student, to put it generously. I was lazy, never did my homework, never studied, and my grades were slowly falling every year. But then, after I had been training for a while, my grades started picking up again, even though I actually had less time to do schoolwork. My grades this year are the best they have been since fourth grade. This is because Grandmaster has instilled in me discipline, patience, and the openness to learn. Before, I would rarely pay attention in class, mainly because I got bored or distracted easily, and this hurt me tremendously. But now I have no trouble listening to and participating in a lesson. I attribute this wholly to Grandmaster Kang and his strict Korean disciplines.

Self-control is probably the most important attribute I have gained. The interesting thing about self-control is that it is taught in very few other sports or activities outside of the martial arts. Which is odd, considering it is probably the most important quality one can have in life. The self-control that I have learned through TaeKwon-Do has enabled me to be the master of my body and mind, rather than allowing greed, envy, sloth, or anger to take over. If I want to stay home one day instead of coming to class, self-control gives me the power to make the right choice. Self-control gives me the power to avoid a fight or resolve a dangerous situation, rather than allowing fury or hatred to get the better part of me. TaeKwon-Do has given me this power, more than anything else in my life.

Another thing I learned from TaeKwon-Do is conviction of ultimate victory. Conviction of ultimate victory is something I never possessed until TaeKwon-Do instilled it in me. Before, I was never discontent with a job poorly done or giving something fifty percent, but now I always try to do things to the best of my abilities, whatever they may be.

In the end though, the thing that has most benefited me is my newfound self-confidence. My confidence has been the single greatest source of change for me. Before, I was pretty meek, never sticking up for myself and letting myself be pushed around. Knowing that I have the ability to maim or kill somebody with a single blow is a great confidence booster.

In conclusion, TaeKwon-Do is easily the greatest, most positive thing that has ever happened in my life. It has done more for me in two years than anything else could even come close to. Indeed, the thing I least want to leave behind when I go to college is the great supporting family environment that Kang's has given me. TaeKwon-Do at Kang's has changed my life, all for the better.

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The Christian Faith Essay

2011-11-20T02:45:00.000-08:00

The Christian Faith Essay

Speak of the word Muslim in the Western world today and you'll get a variety of responses. Because of the recent, high profile happenings in America, most people who don't know the truth about this Islamic religion, dwell in their own ignorance and would respond to Muslims with fear or even worst, sheer anger. Others whom have a thorough understanding of this Islamic religion realize how wrong most people are for deeming all worshipers of this religion guilty simply by association. If not the most, there is no doubt that Islam is one of the most misunderstood religion in today's world. With the help of the media, high profile and powerful Muslims have created an almost irreversibly stained image of Islam.

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Mike Tyson, one of the most widely known Muslim of all time and also the youngest person ever to win a heavy weight boxing title was my first exposure to the Islam religion. Tyson stepped out of prison a couple of years ago stating he has found a new way of life as a Muslim. In a calm demeanor, he promised an end to his brash, unpredictable, and uncontrollable behavior. To most people, there is a sigh of relief that this barbarian may have finally civilized himself. However, not too long later, he attacked people on live television, and even bit off an opponent's ear during a boxing match. Today, he has a tattoo in his face that makes him look like a member of a prehistoric tribe. At the brink of bankruptcy, Mike Tyson has quickly ruined his reputation as a champion. Those whom are ignorant of Islam may associate Tyson's actions as an acceptable behavior by Islamic law. I have to admit, I was one. Just like how I try to live my life according to the teachings of the Bible, I immediately associated Tyson as living his life by an acceptable standard in Islamic law. There is a possibility that he converted to this Islamic religion because it allowed him to act in such a manner. Already, a negative example of the Islamic religion has emerged. I turn on the news and there are people at war. Who are they? Muslims. There are people dying. Who are they? Muslims. There are people in the Middle East that hates America with a passion. Guess who they are?

The atrocities of September 11th have created an even greater impact on how Muslims are viewed today. Osama Bin Laden, a prominent Muslim figure, declared a jihad or an Islamic holy war against the United States. Responsible for the destruction of the World Trade Center, more than 3,000 people died that day as the media showed Muslims celebrating in Baghdad as a result of this tragedy. Iraqians were cheering for a victorious battle. Most of us were filled with disbelief and rage at these supposedly Muslims. On live television, Osama Bin Laden encouraged all Muslims to pick up their weapons and take part in this jihad. He has made it clear we are the enemy and that Muslims should not rest until the United States has fallen as a nation. Many Americans, including I, took this message as an all out war with Muslims in general. There was this feeling that all Muslims hated Americans. If this was anything like the crusades, this jihad would become a fierce and tragic battle. From then on, the picture of Islam portrayed to me "images of brutal warriors and silent women in cloaks and face veils" (Thomas, 168). Every Muslim began to look suspicious. Every person of Middle Eastern descent was scrutinized and observed carefully. After the tragedy of September 11th, we can never know what these Muslims are capable of next. We were scared. We were angry. We wanted vengeance.

People like Osama Bin Laden and Mike Tyson have created a bad rap for Muslims all over the world. We are wrong to stereotype all Muslims as "aggressive, militant, and uncivilized" (Bill, 1). Muslims in America fear that because of this horrendous incident of September 11th that most of the Muslims here will be deemed "guilty by association, " although they may have nothing to do with the attacks. A Muslim, in his own words, believe that "the people responsible for this (September 11th) are not Muslims, they may call themselves Muslims and say that they did this in the name of God, but in no way shape or form are these people Muslims. These people are sick, demented, and according to the doctrines of Islam, will suffer the most dire of consequences in the afterlife, just as any other mass murderer would" (Chatha, 1).

In fact, some people may be shocked that Christianity share many similarities with the religion of Islam. Like Christianity and Judaism, Islam is an Abrahamic faith believing in the notion of only one God sovereign over the entire universe. For guidance, Muslims turn primarily to the Qur'an, an equivalent to the Holy Bible of Christianity. "The Qur'an is the world's single most memorized and recited text" and "is also decisive for law and daily life among many diverse populations worldwide" (St Thomas, 173). The Qur'an even contains versions of many of the Bible's stories of Creation, Noah and the Great Flood, Abraham, Moses and the Exodus, and even the birth of Jesus to name a few. To understand the Islamic faith even more, one must understand the Five Pillars of Faith, which define and direct daily living for Muslims. The first pillar basically states that all Muslims should recognize that there is only one God. The second pillar commands Muslims to pray at least 5 times a day that are primarily passages from the Qur'an. The third pillar requires Muslims to abstain from all food, liquid, tobacco, and sexual intercourse between sunrise and sunset for the 28 days of the holy month of Ramadan. The fourth pillar expects all Muslims to generously with those in need. The fifth and final pillar requires Muslims to make at least one visit to the shrine of the Kaba at Mecca in Saudi Arabia. "As many as 2 million people gather at Mecca for ten days each year to ritually commemorate key events from Islam" (St Thomas, 176)!

"Islam today is the world's second largest and fastest growing religion, with about one billion adherents" (St Thomas, 177). With doctrines so similar to Christianity and with so many followers, there is no way that all these Muslims could be branded aggressive, militant, or uncivilized. Muslim extremists and other unfaithful, powerful followers have obviously clouded our minds and stained the religion of Islam. Hopefully, the world would soon discover the true meaning of Islam and not make any assumptions based on the actions of others. Or the entire world can take a Theology 1100 class at Xavier University of Louisiana with Mr. Lee and this should clear up any misconceptions one should have. Remember, even Christians commit acts of murder, rape, and robbery, not just Muslims.

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Rodney Mullen Essay

2011-11-17T14:42:00.000-08:00

Rodney Mullen Essay

Rodney Mullen, the king of freestyle, knew what he wanted to do from day one. He wanted to be a skateboarder. Although, this wasn't going to be easy because he was the son of a Doctor. His dad was completely against skateboarding and forbid any idea of him doing it, but Rodney was persistant.

Rodney got his first skateboard on New Years day, 1977. After much begging and pleading he had finally gotten a skateboard. Although, he had some rules and conditions he had to follow. If he was ever injured or caught skating without his pads he had to stop skating then and there. He reluctantly made the deal and did what he had to do to get that skateboard. Rodney ran as fast as his little legs could carry him straight to the local shopping mall and picked out a black Bonsai aluminum skateboard with Precision wheels and ACS trucks. He soon found out that his dad had nothing to worry about as he began practicing and learning frestyle tricks.

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He started getting very good and recieved his first sponsership after only nine months, The Inland Surf Shop. He then started competing in local Florda competitions and he won his first contest. He blew many of the California pros away when he placed fourth in the Kona contest. Rodney continued on and took the top spot at the Oceanside contest in California and got another sponsership, Walker. His father tried to get him to switch over to another sport seeing as he had proven best at skateboarding. Rodney Mullen was definitely not going to stop his beloved sport just because he was good at it. That idea was tossed out the window. Dad's have more power than sons though, so in know that he might have to quit soon he worked harder and harder on learning new tricks and becoming better. He invented three tricks within his first three years of skating.

Rodney recieved a call from Stacy Peralta inviting him to enter a contest in Sand Diego. This was supposed to be his last contest it was the day after his thirteenth birthday and he would be competing with top Sims freestyler Steve Rocco. The contest was very close but Rodney came out on top! He and Steve later became good friends. After winning the contest he recieved another sponsership from Powell-Peralta, one of the biggest and most well known teams of the decade. His skateboarding took a huge leap from there. His career jump started and he started getting publicity. More and more contest came up and Rodney knocked em down. He dominated the freestyle contest for an entire decade. The 80's decade was called "the Mullen decade" by skateboarder magazine. In all of Mullen's years of competing he only came in second place once. He was crowned World Freestyle Champion 35 times over.

Apart from all the competitions Rodney invtented over 30 new tricks throughout that time and many of these tricks on the basis for modern day skateboarding. When the 90's kicked around freestyle died out and street skating begun. Mullen quickly adapted and is still today one of the greatest skaters of all time. He was just recently voted "Skater of the Year" in Skateboarder Magazine, 2002.

Rodney Mullen is one of the most intuitive and creative skateboarders of all time and his skills cannot be matched by any other skateboarder today. He has provided a legacy to skateboarding and in general "the man just has it". He lives it. He breathes it. He is skateboarding.

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Semiotics Research Paper

2011-11-17T03:23:00.000-08:00

Semiotics Research Paper

Art is an extremely powerful tool when communicating society's important social or political issues. Using text and signs can further emphasise the importance of an issue or contradict the issue completely, creating an artwork that reads with multiple layers of meaning and references.

Artists, Jenny Holtzer, Jenny Watson and Barbara Kruger explore the study of signs systems throughout their art works to create pieces of social and political masterpieces. Due to their use of signifiers representing real, everyday objects the relationship between the viewer or "reader" and the artwork becomes increasingly complex and strong through the use of sign systems embedded deeply into their artwork.

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Jenny Holtzer artwork is words, phrases and sentences, which is displayed as public art and not intended for a gallery. Her art is focused on communicating messages to the broadest audience achievable. From New York, Holtzer painted in an abstract style until graduating in 1977. Widely read and informed, Holtzer's was major influence was by Dada artists as she believed they were bizarre yet accepted their political point. Being widely read by a range of political leaders and writers, Holter's ideas for art came from these readings. Holtzer felt as if her paintings were not having the impact on the public as she hoped or intended. She felt as if her moral, social and political issues needed to be addressed. Holtzer wanted her audience to be mindful of the social and environmental issues ablaze that tackle us in modern life.

Aware of the power of media, Holtzer noticed that her messages weren't powerful enough and being keenly interested in the control of words. Replacing painting with words and lettering created a political and aesthetic sense. Holtzer was writing down her words and sending them around the world.

"I was drawn to writing because it was possible to be very explicit about things. If you have crucial issues, burning issues, it's good to say exactly what's right and wrong about them, and perhaps to show a way that things could be helped. So, it seemed to make sense to write because then you can just say it. No painting seemed perfect. In particular, I didn't want to be a narrative painter, which maybe would have been one solution for someone wanting to be explicit."

Holtzer has produced words and text in groups as series. One piece in particular, which is part of "Truism", which explores myths that Holter. Truism also highlights the gruelling persona and social concerns of contemporary. These messages are often contradictory and disturbing in their duality of truth and reality, highlighting the inherent dangers of modern living.

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Wayne Gretzky Essay

2011-11-16T15:12:00.000-08:00

Wayne Gretzky Essay

Wayne Gretzky was a great hockey player, there is no question about that, but was he the greatest? He was a good hockey player since his earlier years of life. He started out fast in the National Hockey League. Through his career he has had many awards and accomplishments. Wayne, was he the greatest?

Wayne Gretzky was born January 26, 1961, in Brantford, Ontario. He started playing hockey as a small child. His dad made him an ice rink by flooding the back yard and he taught and encouraged him to play. At ten years old Wayne scored 378 goals in his 85 game season with his local team. To show some idea how good that is, the next highest goal scorer that year scored 140 goals. Wayne wore the number nine which was his idol Gordie Howe's number. He was always playing against people who were bigger and stronger than him. Even when he played in the National Hockey League, he was only about 175 pounds, which is small for an NHL player.

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Wayne Gretzky only played two years of junior hockey. At the age of seventeen, he was signed to a million dollar contract with the Edmonton Oilers team. As a rookie he scored fifty-one goals and had eighty- six assists for 137 points. This tied him in points with the scoring leader that year. Wayne Gretzky played for nine years with the Edmonton Oilers, seven and a half years with the Los Angeles Kings, one half year with the St. Louis Blues, and then finished his career with the New York Rangers, playing with many of his former Oiler buddies. He had a very long and successful career due to his many talents which include instinct, knowing where everyone is on the ice, graceful skating, and precise passing.

It is easy to find proof that Wayne Gretzky is the greatest when a person looks at the facts. Wayne holds many NHL records, sixty one in all. His records include most goals (894), most goals in a single season (92), most assists (1,962), and most points (2,856). He has won all of the most important awards in hockey, including nine Hart trophies (league MVP), five Lester B Pearson awards (player's choice MVP), two Conn Smythe trophies (play-off MVP), four Lady Byng trophies (most sportsman-like player), and ten Art Ross trophies (scoring title). Wayne Gretzky also led the Edmonton Oilers to four Stanley Cup championships, and led the Los Angeles Kings to the Stanley Cup finals. Here are a few things that have been said about Wayne Gretzky by people who know and love the game of hockey. The great hockey player Gordie Howe, said, "He's one of the few players who knows where all twelve men are on the ice and what they're going to do." Glen Sather, Wayne's coach for ten years, said, "How great is Gretzky? There aren't enough adjectives. Just look at his records and longevity." Lou Naune, longtime General Manager, said of Wayne Gretzky, "He's made the record book obsolete. His only point of reference is himself." There are other great players like Mario Lemeiux, Gordie Howe, and Brett Hull, to name a few, and each may have a single skill that is better than Wayne Gretzky's, but none of them has his overall talent and effectiveness on the ice.

Some people love the game of hockey like me, and other people don't know much about it, but almost anyone a person meets knows the name Wayne Gretzky. He holds more records, has won more awards, and has done more for the game of hockey than any other player in history.

Wayne Gretzky retired on April 18, 1999, the greatest player to ever play the game of hockey.

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Shadow Puppet Research Paper

2011-11-16T02:36:00.000-08:00

Shadow Puppet Research Paper

Shadow puppet theatre in Indonesian language means Wayang Kulit, is a unique combination of ritual, lesson, and entertainment to show communicated history, philosophy, ethnics, and culture. Wayang kulit has its origin in the ancient believe that the departed spirits return to Earth at night, and can be experienced on the light up screen and creating an interplay of shadow to the audience which play on through the night and still vibrant at dawn. The interplay relays to Hindu mythology and Javanese legend that deal with the external struggle between good and evil. The Javanese shadow puppet theatre combines the creative elements of puppets, music, History and story telling that make the Hindu and Javenese legends spring to life on the screen.

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Wayang kulit is a gregarious puppet theatre. "Wayang" in modern Indonesia language is basely translated into puppet, and "kulit" means skin or leather that is the material from whichthe figures are carved. The puppets Leather are made of buffalo skin and manually carved. Although not visible in front of the screen, the puppets are painted with intricate, brightly colored decorations and cut with tiny details, like curls in the hair that is visible when the puppet is held right upon the screen as the usually are. There are about 250 characters in the shadow puppet. The characters include kings, princes, teachers, gods, giants, demons, and ordinary people. The characters that have narrow eyes are refined and elegant. For example is Sri Rama or Prabu (king) Rama. The characters with wider eyes are more down to the Earth, like giants, demon, and citizen. For example is a clown named Semar. In wayang kulit, most of the characters speak in "Jawa kuno", ancient Java language and in the language of "Kawi", language that carries inspirations.

In performing the play, the shadow puppet play is accompanied by gamelan orchestra. Gamelan is a traditional music instrument from Java. The repertoire consist of an overture, music for traveling, each of the character, and battle music. The music in shadow puppet performance is very much important therefore, the gamelan players must be able to respond to the spontaneous timing and direction of "dalang", the shadow puppet master to make the performance alive, communicative, and attractive.

Most shadow play is based on two epic stories from India. The Mahabaratha and the Ramayana, elegantly depict eastern philosophies, which inspired many cultures. The Balinese and Javanese have combined the Hindu stories with Buddhist and Muslim ideas and their own folklores. Usually the Mahabaratha and Ramayana mythology, which some of the episodes are purely Indonesian creations that based on the two epics stories, are divided into many different episodes. The Mahabaratha and Ramayana stories are thousands of verses long and only a portion can be performed in one session. The other stories from Indonesian history and myth are occasionally performed. Some favorites include "Kala Rau" or the eclipse of the moon, "Calonarang" that means a call to witches, and "Panji" the Javanese story.

The shadow play, a story telling that carries cultural information is enlighten by the puppet master. The shadow puppet master, in Indonesian language means "dalang", delivers the story in the play. The dalang becomes the center of knowledge culture, and history. He manipulates the carved leather figures and the screen to bring the shadow and the story seem to life. In delivering the stories, the dalang manipulates all the figures, interprets characters and uses different voice for each characters, and produces sound effects punctuating speech and movement. The dalang will also sing, cue the musical accompaniment, and speak several languages. The dalang chooses the story that appropriate to the village or to the place sponsoring the performance. The choice is made to illustrate useful moral. In every performance, the dalang will create a script remaining to the original story but adding subplots, new characters or comments on current conditions, there is usually a scene when clowns appear, making jokes, talking about current local events and probably criticizing an institution and he uses the original story to give solutions. Therefore, Dalang must be able to tell the stories as they should be told. If this kind of self-control and knowledge is accomplished, a dalang is considered a professional.

Since the ancient time, Wayang kulit is brought into play to give lots of information to people. For instance, a historical story likes Ramayana which is very common stories in shadow play. Nevertheless, the story are varies from performance to performance, it depends on the puppeteer or dalang. Dalang uses his creativeness and his intelligence to interpret the message of the story. He is the one who in charge in the play, he manages the story, gamelan orchestra, and the play and manipulates the puppets. The unity of the puppets, music, and story telling through the puppet master, make the performance alive.

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Speaking in Tongues Essay

2011-11-15T15:00:00.000-08:00

Speaking in Tongues Essay

Christians, in pursuit of holiness, face many issues that depend on interpretation of the Holy Scriptures. One of those issues is speaking in tongues; specifically whether the gift is useful or if it even exists today. People have even gone, as far as to say that speaking in tongues is similar to the conflicting views of the Law in the New Testament in which people have said that if you don't speak in tongues, your salvation is lost. Of course this is not true. Speaking in tongues is a spiritual gift that can be used to edify the church as well as the person that has been given the gift.

The definition of the gift of tongues according to the American Heritage Dictionary is, "the ability or phenomenon to utter words or sounds of a language unknown to the speaker especially as an expression of religious ecstasy." Harper Collins echoes this definition in his Bible Dictionary as he says that the gift of tongues is "a spontaneous utterance of sounds in a language the speaker has never learned and does not understand".

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When a person receives the gift of tongues, the gift can be used in a variety of ways. One of the ways to use the gift is as a form of prayer and praise language to our Heavenly Father. The gift of tongues has the effect of deepening and enriching one's prayer life, building up ones faith, and captivating the Spirit within (Collins). The Bible says in I Corinthians 14:4,"He who speaks in a tongue edifies himself." The gift of tongues enables us to maintain an intimacy with the Lord that regularly understood prayer couldn't do (Bakers Dictionary of Theology). Paul writes in I Corinthians 14:14-15, "For if I pray in a tongue, my spirit prays, but my mind is unfruitful. So what shall I do? I will pray with my spirit, but will also pray with my mind; I will sing with my spirit, but I will also sing with my mind." The implications from this passage are that Paul is praising the Lord with his spirit, which is certainly a good thing to do. When someone privately speaks in tongues that person is privately and intimately praising God with his or her spirit. When a believer uses tongues in their devotions as a form of communication to God, it transcends human interpersonal communication (Baker's Encyclopedia of the Bible). Paul also writes in I Corinthians 14:18, "I thank God that I speak in tongues more than all of you." People think that Paul may never have spoken a tongue to Christians, so where did he speak tongues? He spoke tongues when he was alone and in prayer (Unger's Bible Dictionary).

Tongues can also be a means of effectively combating spiritual warfare, especially when we are under spiritual attack or praying for deliverance in someone's life. Using the gift of tongues is using a Holy Spirit language that is fighting a battle that our human minds cannot fathom (Collins). Stephen Noel, Pastor of Sanctuary Praise Church of God says, "Don't ever go into battle without a weapon!" Now people will just ask, "Why can't you just use English?" Without a question, English can be used. Placing a larger importance on tongues is wrong, but Paul states in Romans 8:26, "We do not know what we ought to pray for, but the Spirit Himself intercedes for us with groans that words cannot express." In Mark 16:17 it states, "And these signs shall follow them that believe; In my name shall they cast out devils; they shall speak with new tongues." When we do not know what to pray for the Spirit intercedes on our behalf, as the Spirit does in tongues. This can be very edifying to members of the church who suffer from a past that needs to be "let go of".

Many people, who do not believe in the gift of tongues, feel that the gift was a for temporary use, meaning it was only meant for those at Pentecost and that it ended long ago with the apostles and the early church (Baker's Encyclopedia of Theology). There are two Scripture passages that can be used against this case. As stated above in Mark 16:17, Jesus says,"And these signs that will be evident to those who believe: In my name they will drive out demons; they will speak in new tongues." From this it's obvious that Jesus says there will be sings that will be evident to those who believe. In I Corinthians 12:28, Paul lists the various gifts that God has appointed to people within the church. We still see the gift of tongues today. Brian Bosscher, Pastor at Sunshine Community Church says, "The official view of the Christian Reformed Church is that the gift of tongues did not cease at the end of the Apostolic Age, but continued and still continues in the church today."

There are many false teachings that accompany the gift of tongues, and one of those teachings is that of people proclaiming that having the gift of tongues is the initial physical sign of being baptized in the Holy Spirit. There are also teachings that use tongues as a barometer stick for how far along a person is spiritually in their walk with God (Encyclopedic Dictionary of Religion). These are teachings that are false and go completely against Scripture. Another thing that scares people away from the gift of tongues is that they associate it with chaotic order. Many people agree with this. One is Donald Gee, a well-known writer for Assembly of God Church. He made the comment, "Better a little disorder and the Lord working than the apparent "order" of the graveyard and of death." This a very brash remark made by Gee, Paul says in I Corinthians 14:33,"For God is not a God of disorder but of peace."

In closing we need to test Scripture in how we put to use the gift of tongues, but neither can we deny the gift. We as a people and a church need to put to use biblical teaching on tongues. We need tongues to edify the church as well as edifying our own spiritual walks with the Lord. Of course not everyone receives the gift of tongues, which does not degrade him or her by any means. However, if someone has the gift, it should be used for the glorification of our Lord Jesus Christ, and for the edification of the church so that we may not be lacking in anything.

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2011-11-15T12:58:00.000-08:00

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Research Proposal on Dating

2011-11-11T19:45:00.000-08:00

Research Proposal on Dating

In the men's world today, a lot of the husbands still think making money is their responsibility, while housekeeping, cooking, and taking care of the children are the responsibilities of their wives, regardless if they have daily jobs or not. Therefore, women are doing a lot of extra works and accumulating a lot of stress, while the men are relaxing with beers and chips watching television. But now days some husbands are doing all the works at home, in exchange for respect and obedience from their wives when they are outside with friends. The perception of how men and women see each other from now and before time has changed drastically. Even the aspect of the dating point of view has changed.

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Men are out for either lust or love and usually do not mix them up. When a man is out for lust, all that he really desires from her is sex. He does not take her seriously and does not have intentions of ending up with her. He basically is just in it for fun. When a man is out for love, he will wait much longer because he desires more than just sex. He desires her. Then, one of the things a man prefers is purity. The reason why a man prefers purity is because he does have or could have feelings for her. When a man is in love with a woman and she has never been with another man, it will make him feel good. But when a man is in love with a woman and she has been with other men, it will bother him. And the more men there have been, the more it may bother him and the harder it may be for him to accept. The way to tell if a man has serious intentions is if he waits a long time and gives her a commitment. Purity has been important to men from the beginning of recorded history. Several thousands of years ago, the ancient Greeks encouraged homosexual acts among men so that there would be virgins for them to marry. Even thirty years ago, the women men married were virgins. I think people should hold themselves to the same standards as they want the one they marry to hold themselves to. After all, to do otherwise is hypocritical.

From my experiences with dating, when you first start dating a woman things are always good in the beginning. Once you start having feelings for her and she knows that you really want to be with her things start to change. As things change, you and your love one start arguing more. You start arguing at little things such as who gets to sleep on what side of the bed, and where we going to go out to eat. The one thing that I hate the most is when you tell her you are going to go hang out with they guys tonight because its guy's night out. She starts telling you things such as how come you won't stay home and hang out with me? Or better yet, you always hang out with the guys u don't like hanging out with me? Of course you going to stay home and do whatever she wants.

There certain ways a woman wants her man to treat her, I had a talk with my girlfriend and she gave me some ideas on how she likes to be treated. Put your arms around her waist and whisper in her ears. Kiss her every chance you get. Hold her close when she's cold. When you are alone hold her close and kiss her. Kiss her on the tip of her nose (it will give her the hint that you want to kiss them.) While in the movie, put your arm around her and then she will automatically put her head on your shoulder; then lean in and tilt her chin and kiss her lightly. When she complains that her neck and shoulders hurts massage it for her. When people diss her stand up for her. Look deep into her eyes and tell her you love you. Lay down under the stars and out her head on your chest so she can listen to the steady beat of your heart. Link your fingers together while you whisper to her as she rests her eyes and listens to you. Now make a wish about something you would like to happen between you and your crush. Most of these things I am still working on till this day.

In conclusion, the dating difference between men and women is not the same as it used to be back in history. For one, sex was not an issue for them back then. Now a day, it is a pretty big issue. Most people of our generation either starts having sex either in high school if not than in college. When men find the one that she loves, one of the things that are on his mind is if she is pure or not. It is the same to be said of what a women want in her man she finds the one true love of her life. One thing that is still the same is how women want a man to treat her. She just wants him to be a gentleman that is and treat her like the one and only princess of his life.

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Research Proposal on Learning Styles

2011-11-11T02:43:00.000-08:00

Research Proposal on Learning Styles

The test identified visual and kinesthetic and tactile as being the best learning styles for me. Visual learning means that I learn better when I see something written down or like pictures, anything that I can see I will be able to learn easier than if I were to hear it. So if I was taking notes on a lecture it would be easier if something was written down on a board. Kinesthetic and tactile means that I learn better with anything physical like having a paper or something to hold when I'm taking notes. I feel the test was pretty accurate because I do learn or study by using these learning styles.

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I have used both of the learning styles in many different classes depending on what the class called for or how the teacher teaches. Like in Mr. Berg's class when he uses his overhead projector this helps me by creating something visual for me to use when taking notes. He also satisfies my need for kinesthetic and tactile learning by having us make flash cards this allows my hands to do something while I'm studying.

When I found out that flash cards worked for me, I have used them a lot to help me study. For my learning styles I think I could use many different techniques while studying that would help me to actually learn the material better. I think if I used a stress ball that my hands would be busy and would allow me to learn better. If I need something visual for when we're reading a book I might want to find some illustrations for it to satisfy my need for the visual part of studying. Or if in class and reading I could actually hold the book while reading it to keep my hands occupied.

This test helped me to realize what I can do to make studying more effective. To make my study habits or learning skills a little better I'm going to try using a stress ball while studying. I think it will be easy to adapt to this new style of studying since I'm not really changing the style rather than just adding to it to improve it. I can use this information in other classes by actually patting these new ideas into action. After asking many of my friends what learning styles they use most often I got some major similarities between most of them. Because we all have the same or similar learning styles it would be easier to study together because we could each use the same method of learning in a study group.

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