Saint Jerome Research Paper

St. Jerome in his Study is a profoundly detailed engraving by Albrecht Durer. I personally like this print because it so detailed at every point. I also appreciate the picture due to the quality of craftsmanship required to complete something of the engraving's magnitude. Engraving at this time was limited to two colors black and white. Using two colors limits different color and light in the print. This Print reminds me of my own scholastic environment. I need a place to study that is unique to my own comfort. Durer attempts to depict St. Jerome's personal study, with random tools and attributes placed uniquely all around. I don't have attributes, because obviously I am no saint, however I do have a certain things that I enjoy listening too or looking at while I am reading, studying, researching, or just relaxing. Just like St. Jerome I have my bed and many pillows in my study. This piece in my mind brought comparison between a study now in the 21st century compared to a 4th century study in a 16th century architectural structure. I personally feel the artist of the engraving put certain objects in certain places to give the depiction of St. Jerome studying in his study. The attributes and objects are uniquely his own. The study in this print looks as if it may be a corner of larger room because the shelf on the back wall cuts off; but the wall could continue. Also on the bottom left of the print there is a big cement pillar, when looking carefully at the bottom left corner there is symmetrically equal shading across the pillar. Suggesting there is another window directly on the left right before the pillar. The stair case could just be and entrance way from another room. It is hard to determine because of the color and shade is not one hundred percent distinct Engravings like this leave a lot of space for interpretation due to the contrasting problems between light and color.

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Working with engravings has many disadvantages, because the engraving print only comes in limited colors, black, grey, and white. Color and bright light help bring out more emphasis on areas or the whole print itself. Since color cannot be displayed, the contrast from black to white is the only way to represent light, shadow, and physical detail in the picture. In the case of St. Jerome in his Study the limited colors actually benefit the detail of the print. The engraving uses light and shadow often to display depth and vivid detail. Where the lighter colors are the objects of that area are detailed. Durer uses the contrast of black and white to give sequence to the viewer's focal attention while viewing this print. When looking directly at the picture the areas with lighter or brighter colors grab your attention immediately with extreme detail. Darker or dimmer engravings normally have detail in environment and a definite form of depth. The center of the picture is St. Jerome working at his table. Surrounding him are objects that one might find in his study, including some of his saintly attributes. The center of the print is at the back of the study. Details shown by light and shadowing bring out the depth of the study.

The light source in this print comes directly from the windows. The study is only lit up in certain areas where the light would shine through the windows into the room; these areas are given extreme detail in their appearance. The windows the light comes through are not normal blank windows. They are windows that are sub-divided into about twenty five equal square pieces, which appear to have some loop or circle stained into the glass. The light shining through reflects these shapes on the side of the windowsill. Each stained sub-division of the window has a shadow on the windowsill in its proper geometrical position. Other examples of the shadows being proportional to the light source is St. Jerome's desk, and the shadow of the big blocked separation between the two windows on the left side up on the middle of the ceiling. All shadows match up theoretically where they should for there given position, but there is one spot on the ceiling where there is no shadow and there is supposed to be. On the ceiling directly above St. Jerome's head is a solid bright light source. The halo on his head is another point brought to the viewer's attention right upon viewing the print. The places where the light was shining are more visible to the viewer. The wood on the ceiling is engraved quite extraordinary. Durer engraved so much detail the grooves and knots are seen on the wood ceiling; other woods not on the ceiling have carvings of designs and are quite exquisite. Some parts of the wood are engraved in great detail and can be seen by carefully observing. Even parts in dark regions can make out some detail. Parts of the ceiling beams and borders even in dark regions are darker and still have detail. The beams and border of the ceiling have a special pattern to them showing great engraving craftsmanship by the artist. The horizontal bar of the window has a shadow on the windowsill's wall, which is positioned quite well for a small engraving. There are many other details in this engraving to notice, for example the chipped stone from the windowsill's and the cracked wall in the back left of the study. The highly refined woodwork of the shelves on the back wall of the study has many complicated designs as well as engraved handles. Details like these raise questions and assumption to the peaceful room. Light shines directly to St. Jerome's desk in the middle of the study. St. Jerome is placed in the center of the engraving, where the lighter color is most intense. It is most intense there because of the halo on his head and the light from the windows beaming down on his forehead. More light is concentrated on the top of St. Jerome's head because his head is angled towards the light, the crucifix, and downward at his book. The artist emphasizes on St. Jerome's eyes, his eyes have the highest concentration of white in them. Other than his head St. Jerome's body is hidden in the darkness of the shadow. The table prevents any light from really shining on his body, but looking closely at his body and his feet, he is wearing robe of some sort and he is also wearing shoes which is unique because there are a pair of slipper on the floor under the bench next to him. St. Jerome is the central figure in this print, but yet he has the least detail compared to other objects in the room. This raises questions of why St. Jerome is portrayed this way.

There are many different effects caused by the white and black of engraving. The main is distinguishing the different areas of light and shadow. Lighter colors are seen before the darker colors, in an engraving. This causes someone to view a print in an artist intended sequence. The objects shown in lighter colors are located in the light source in the engraving. The objects shown in darker colors are not emphasized enough or not placed in the source of light. In St. Jerome's study there are many random objects that placed in the light giving them a whiter color. There are eight objects total that have light on them or being represented in a lighter color, St. Jerome, a lion, a dog, a gourd, a cardinal's hat, hour glass, and a skull. These items all are in light colors because they are either in the sunlight or they are just being a little more emphasized. All of these different items are in different sizes and depths. Although the objects are different in sizes and depth, all of them seem to be proportional to their actual size. The lion is at the very bottom of the floor in the front of the room in a laying position. The lion takes a good amount of space in the bottom portion of the picture showing great emphasis on his presence. The Lions main is shown in great detail along with many other features. Although the lion seems to be looking at you his eyes are not visible in any form. The gourd is hanging from the ceiling. The artist shows the gourd hanging form the very front ceiling border. The gourd is the most right object shown in a lighter white color. The gourd shows texture based on the lines all around the gourd. On the back wall behind St. Jerome is a cardinal's hat. This hat is very large with two darker tassels hanging off it. Depending on what angle you look, it may appear that the halo actually is the light source shown on the hat. Right next to the hat is an hour glass with refined detail in the wood surrounding the glass. The closest object in emphasis near St. Jerome is a modest wood looking crucifix at the right corner of his desk. The crucifix is the smallest object with emphasis on it. There is not a lot of detail even on the cross it's very simplistic. The windowsill on the right of St. Jerome has a skull not very large in size. The skull for some reason is missing its mandible. The skull is directly in the light, so the contours of the skull are shown in good detail. The last object in a lighter color surrounding St. Jerome is a dog. The dog is sleeping directly in next to the lion. Just like the lion the dog's eyes are not visible. The dog is about one-tenth the size of the lion in. Since the artist highlighted all of theses objects the most likely have some sort of meaning to St. Jerome.

These important objects are placed randomly all over the room. Suggesting to a certain degree of what Durer thought St. Jerome's study could have been, or the objects that would have been in his study. Besides these seven objects of lighter color, there are other tools that are randomly around the study that are unique to St. Jerome's study. Other random things around the study are books, in a very un-organized manner. These books are very large and even though the picture is dim you can still see some of the pages separation in the bottom of the closed book. The slippers on the floor are not even put down in an orderly fashion. The slippers are in a cross-like format facing the bottom corner of the first windowsill. Some of the tools he may have used in his study are on the back wall and on the back shelf in darker colors, such as scissors, scrolls, papers, hand broom, and a candle. All of these objects bring the idea St. Jerome's study and the objects are placed randomly through a somewhat tranquil room. The only thing that is not randomly placed is a writing board which is parallel with the right border of the print. On the writing board are Albrecht Durer initials and the year 1514 when the engraving was done. This is the only thing that is not capable of actually being in his study. The writing board ruins the random placement of the objects in this engraving. This writing board was purposely added to bring in the artists name.

Black and white print is hard to represent emphasis on color and some forms of light. The way Durer reflects the lighter and darker colors in a print could possibly cause the viewer to view a work a certain way or in sequence. This contrast leads to more emphasis on the color of objects regardless of the significance. Durer uses different types of detail in order to show depth and texture among some the objects, like the wood of the ceiling or indentations in the gourd. In Albrecht Durer's engraving he is trying to casually portray St. Jerome's study.

Durer's image of St. Jerome in his Study (1514) was one of many favored by northern artists. Durer became one of the most celebrated artists during the German Renaissance because of his depictions of St. Jerome. St. Jerome was responsible for the translation of certain religious texts. St. Jerome was a 4th century saint, but this engraving was not made for another 12 centuries. Germany during this time had many artistic works depicting different Hagiography of Saints. Detail is what makes Durer's art so fascinating. Why did mostly northern artists portray St. Jerome in his study, compared to him being out in the dessert in despair? Was it because of the way the audience wanted it depicted? The Renaissance was a time of new knowledge or a re-birth in knowledge. Why did the most people want to tribute St. Jerome for? St. Jerome did translations of the bible and other religious documents to other languages, which made the spread of one religion a very realistic thing. Language difference was no longer a barrier among certain belief systems. In general people have tributes in a scholarly way rather than a sad and despair way. Attributes of saints are highly emphasized and given reason or an explanation of how they acquired them. If interpreting the meaning of the object, the explanations or reasons for there attributes would certainly be helpful when interpreting the meaning of the object. The rebirth in old documents was large during the Renaissance; everyone wanted ways of learning classical information. Naturally people would depict a scholar who translated religious documents If ever interpreting Durers meaning in his work the question would be why St. Jerome, why not any other what is the correlation between northern Europe and St. Jerome. What is the difference between him in the dessert or in his study?

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Research Paper on When Legenda Die

Character Descriptions
1. Bessie
Bessie was a Ute Indian who lived on the Ute Reservation in Colorado. She was married to George Black Bull and had a son named Little Black Bull. In 1910 her husband went to work at the sawmill in Pagosa. He killed Frank No Deer for stealing his money. They went and lived on Bald Mountain. They lived the way their ancestors lived. Bessie remembered the old ways of doing things. George wanted to make her a house but we wanted a lodge that was, "round like the day and the sun and the path of the stars the good things that have no end". She told her son of old tales and sang songs with him. George was killed but Bessie and her son continued to live in the old way. She was an excellent basket maker and would trade her baskets for things they needed. She died one winter. She had a pain in her chest. Her son sang the going away songs.

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2. George Black Bull
George was a Ute Indian who lived on the Ute Reservation in Colorado. He was married to Bessie and had a son named Little Black Bull. He worked for the sawmill in Pagosa and wanted to go back to the reservation. He couldn't go until he paid back the money to the company store. George tried to save his money but three times Frank No Deer stole his money. George killed Frank No Deer and left Pagosa for Bald Mountain. Bessie was to meet him there. Bessie told George of learning to live the old way. George learned to make bows and arrows and kill birds and deer. He made a lodge for them to live. During one winter George was going to a lower valley to look for deer. On his way an avalanche killed him. Bessie and Little Black Bull found him, gave him a burial in the old way and sang the death song.

3. Little Black Bull (Bear's Brother/Thomas/Tom Black)
Little Black Bull was the son of Bessie and George Black Bull. He was a Ute Indian. He learned to live in the old way. His parents died and he continued to live in the lodge with a bear he called his brother and the birds and squirrels as his friends. Little Black Bull named himself "Bear's Brother". Blue Elk found the lodge and talked Bear's Brother into going back with him to tell of the old ways. Bear's Brother went back with Blue Elk to the reservation and the school. Bear's Brother did not understand what was going on but was told he had to stay, go to school and he would be called Thomas Black Bull. Thomas felt along at the school. Once he ran away and went back to the lodge and found that it had been burned. He went back to the school but was not interested in anything except taming the wild horses. Red Dillon saw Thomas ride a wild horse and offered to make Thomas a bronc rider. Thomas became a famous bronc rider known as Tom Black. He rode the horses very hard killing many of them. Tom was trying to kill his past and all his pain. He was still lonely, felt like he did not belong anywhere and just went from rodeo to rodeo. He took a job as a sheepherder because he needed to heal from a fall and was back on the mountain. He was tracking a bear thinking he was going to kill it. He realized he couldn't and realized he had forgotten who he was. He was able to find himself, make peace with the world and himself.

4. Blue Elk
Blue Elk was a Ute Indian who lived in Pagosa. He wore squeaky shoes, black coat and derby hat. He would take advantage of the Indians. He would offer to help them for money. He told Bessie that for the cost of two horses, he could settle the problem with her man. Blue Elk would get permits for the Indians to work in the sawmill. He would say he was concerned for his people and he was helping them. He would say he was getting them a job at the sawmill so they would not go hungry. He would also say his people do not lie but he would lie. He told Bear's Brother that he needed to tell the other Indians about the old ways to get him to go with Blue Elk. He took Bear's Brother to the school. Blue Elk also went back to Brother's Bear lodge, stole his belongings and burned the lodge. Blue Elk was later told to take the Bear back up to Horse Mountain. He had to take Bear's Brother to get the bear to go. He said they would leave the bear chained to the tree unless Bear's Brother told the bear to go home. Bear's Brother told Blue Elk, "I wish you were dead for the thing you have done."

5. Jim Thatcher
Jim owned a store in Pagosa. He was a tall, thin man who had worked in the store a long time. His father had worked in the store before him. He knew Indians and traded with them. Bessie went to the store to trade two baskets for an ax, candy ammunition and a knife. He said he remembered Bessie and said, "There was no need to run they don't want your man." Bessie went back again to listen to what Jim said. Again he told her that the thing with Frank No Deer was settled. Once Bear's Brother came to trade after his parents died. Jim stopped the excited men from killing Bear's Brother's cub. He let Bear's Brother and the cub come into the store. When they left the store, Jim ordered everyone to leave the boy and the bear alone. Jim Thatcher was an honest man. When the sheriff learned about the commotion in town with the boy and the bear he said, "I'll go along with Jim Thatcher."

6. Benny Grayback
Benny Grayback was a Ute Indian, stocky build, about 30 years old and worked at the school on the reservation. He was in charge of the Carpenter's Shop. When Blue Elk brought Bear's Brother to the school, Benny was asked to talk to Bear's Brother. The agent said that Bear's Brother was to go by Thomas Black Bull. Many times Benny was not very nice to Thomas. When Thomas tried to see his bear, Benny slapped and shook Thomas. Benny put Thomas in a small room that only had a cot and washstand. He did this because Thomas kicked Luther Spotted Dog out of their room so the bear could live there. Benny wanted Thomas to cut his braids but the Agent said no. Benny saw Thomas breaking the colts and told Thomas he could not be doing that even through it was something he was interested in. He did a few nice things for Thomas. He took Thomas to meet Rowena Ellis who was nice and was like a mother to the kids. He also did not want the agent to kill the bear. He said, "If you kill the bear, you kill the boy."

7. Red Dillon
Red was a wired red head that saw Thomas ride a horse that wasn't tamed. He asked Thomas if he would like to learn to be a bronc twister. Red got a permit for Thomas and took Thomas to his home in San Juan, New Mexico. Red lived with Meo, a Mexican man with a hump on his back. Red and Meo did teach Thomas to ride but Red would tell Thomas when to win and when to lose so he could make money on bets. Thomas would not want to lose a round but Red would tell Thomas to shut up and do what he said. He would threaten Thomas not to double cross him or he would break his neck. If Thomas got hurt, he would get really mad at Thomas. Red not only had a gambling problem but also a drinking problem. He would go off for weeks at a time to get drunk. Red died in a hotel in Aztec after drinking for several days. He just used Thomas to make money.

8. Mary Redmond
Mary was the nurse who took cared of Tom Black when he was in the hospital. Mary was about 30, blue eyes and coppery hair. She always tried to be cheerful and friendly. She would call Tom "Chief". Tom would say mean things but Mary would still be nice. She was also a very good nurse. She was always very positive saying that Tom looked better. She said Tom learned faster than any other patient she had. She would massage his muscles. She was very gentle and would give Tom long massages. She found a place for Tom to stay when he was released that would take good care of him. Tom was suspicious. He thought she was like the rest of the people in his life who trapped him and tried to run his life. She was just trying to help Tom.

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Short Story Research Paper

They walk in and out like they owned the place or maybe you could say they did because its subway. As you enter subway you see the tables and seats with napkins holders on top. People walk down the stairs and stand in line waiting to get in front of this glass counter where you could see ham, cheese, lettuce and tomato as well as other toppings which are the components needed for a sub. As a costumer looks around they see posters of six-inch subs and see the repeated mentioning of the name subway suggesting they sell subs or sandwich related food.

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Costumers stand in line and wait; as you look around you see people seating at the tables of this restaurant talking enjoying their food. On the table you see someone with a conical object wrapped in paper covered with the subway logo and you immediately identify the food to be a sub of some kind. The customer approaches the counter and says, "I would like a six inch ham on wheat with lettuce and tomatoes." The employee on the other side of the counter does not question or ask what he means or looks at him weird by what the customer says and desires. The employee gets to work making a six-inch ham sub with lettuce and tomatoes on wheat bread without any doubt that this was what the customer wanted. The employee knows that the customer wants this specific sub because of this was a subway restaurant and they only sell subs and nothing else not look at him on the other side ask them what they would like. People waiting in line wait and also don't question the order he gave the employee or think of him as being weird because of what he says because it seemed to make sense in this place.

The customer receives the sub and pays for it at the cashier because he knows that is what he wanted. Juan later comes in; he looks around and sees the same surroundings as the previous costumers. He sees the signs of subway and people enjoying their subs. He waits in line and he seems normal and people don't notice. Juan approaches the counter and sees the ham and the bread cooking in the back and to many these should click that they make subs. The employee asks what he wants and he answers, "give me a medium pizza with mushrooms." The employee says, "excuse me?" with a questioning tone as if Juan had said something wrong. Juan repeats that he wants a medium pizza and the employee looks and the costumers in line look at him weird as if he was crazy. They all start laughing thinking that this must be some kind of joke and tell him to stop joking around and to place the real order.

Juan looks at them seriously, but they all seemed confused on the order because it was just not appropriate for subway. The employee apologized with a look of contempt because they did not make pizza here and so he leaves with an angry look because he did not get the pizza that he wanted. Once he left people started talking and saying that if there was something wrong with him or if he was crazy because they all knew what he ordered just wasn't appropriate because the environment showed this was a subway restaurant and only sold subs.

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Artificial Skin Research Paper

The development of artificial skin started in the 1970's and today it has become a very common process for a person who has suffered injuries due to a burn. Biologists and even engineers throughout the world are trying their best to make the artificial skin much stronger and better than what it is today. Tissue Engineering is the application of how cells grow into functioning tissue to the building or repairing of organs, including skin, the largest organ in the body (29). Most of the artificial skin produced is engineered by Tissue Engineers. Many companies throughout the world have devoted a lot of money in producing artificial skin and also in the research of skin that can be more effective.

It all started in the late 1970's Dr. John Burke teamed up with Dr. Ioannis Yannas, a mechanical Engineer at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, to devise a synthetic substitute for skin. Skin is composed of two main layers, the dermis and the epidermis (7). The dermis is the lower layer and normally doesn't grow back once the skin is destroyed. This makes it even more difficult for skin to grow back once it is burnt. Burke and Yannas made the artificial skin in such a way that it taught the damaged dermis cells to grow back in an orderly fashion. Once the first layer starts to regenerate, surgeons could remove the top layer and replace it with ultra thin skin grafts taken from other part of the body. This Artificial Skin produced was named to be Integra.

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Integra was first made in the 1970's. It basically provides a mechanism for the growth of the lower layer of the skin and then the rest is done by the thin skin grafts taken from other parts of the body. These days engineered skin is being produced. It is basically synthetic skin produced in laboratories through manual labor. It is turning out to be more effective in healing third degree burns. Many companies are producing them. One method used by Organogenesis factory is described as follows.

First, Dermal cells are spread over a matrix of collagen. This forms the lower layer of the skin. After a week, the epidermal cells are spread over the lower layer of skin. After exposing the structure to air for about 5 days the outer layer, stratum corneum, is formed. This is the layer contains a layer dead cells (7). The process produces round skin patches measuring about 8cm in diameter. The process seems to be simple, but it takes a lot of precaution to do it. Right now most of the processes are done manually, but they are expected to be industrialized very soon.

Synthetic Skin is something that emerged during the last couple of years. But before that Integra had created wonders in many people's lives. The main advantages of artificial skin are its ability to heal wounds quickly, availability in large quantities, durability, permeability, good adherence, bacterial defense, ease of application and removal, cosmetic acceptability, and it feels more like natural skin than cultured human cells. Synthetic skin is much more effective and brings out better results. It is faster than using Integra and causes less pain to the skin while being put on the skin. It definitely changed Scott Burdette's life. When the left side of his body was covered with flaming paint, he was flown to a Hospital in Washington where his skin was replaced by synthetic skin produced in a lab by Advanced Tissue Sciences Inc. Within three weeks he was back to normal and going to school as well. In the same way Integra and Synthetic skin have helped a lot of people live a life they couldn't have imagined.

Nothing can be perfect in the world. At times artificial skin can cause some harmful effects to the body. It can create wrinkling over the arms and lower legs area. Sometimes while healing, the epidermal cells can loosen at edges two to three weeks after replacement. This is mainly because of the wear or motion cause by joint movements. There is also a possibility of infections to occur in the graft bed area under Integra. This means that the surgery should be carefully monitored and maximum precaution should be taken. There is also a possibility of less number of lymphocytes to be formed during the healing process. Lymphocytes are white blood cells that bear the responsibility to carry out activities of the immune system.

Tissue engineering has made great gains in science but in terms of business it is not doing that well. Two leaders in the industry filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy, which allows company to continue its business at the same time figuring out how to restructure its finances. People blame the bankruptcy on a combination of lackluster sales and the poor profit margins (29). Companies blame the bankruptcy to the lack of automated manufacturing procedures. Some companies have even started building their control systems to create and maintain the biological and mechanical environments that are needed to nurture tissues. Robotics and other sorts of automation will also be needed to replace the manual labor. It is difficult to support these programs because of the low profits but companies are trying to do their best to maintain production of synthetic skin.

Artificial Skin has definitely been very useful in today's world. But there is more to come. Companies and many researchers are trying to make synthetic organs. Just like synthetic skin, synthetic organs can also prove to be very important. Many tests have been done on animals but they are still to test it on humans. Leading Universities have taken the responsibility and they are sure that it will immerge in the future. "It's not outstanding to think it could be done at the some point", says Robert Langer, a professor pf chemical and biomedical engineering at MIT and a pioneer in the field. "The issue is how long it takes to get there. I don't know if it'll be 20 years or 500 years (33)."

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Wonderful Life Essay

Discuss whether "It's a Wonderful Life" seems to conform to the model of the "Classical Hollywood Cinema. What motivates the action? Do any characters have goals? Does the film exhibit techniques which maintain continuity? Is the narration generally omniscient, or restricted in some way? How does it potentially embody the basic traits of classical Hollywood narrative (causality, motivation, goal-oriented protagonists, etc.)?

Classical Narration of any HOLLYWOOD CINEMA are fundamentally broken down to the following elements, namely- action springing from the individual characters as "usual agents", Concentrated preliminary exposition which trigger strong "First Impressions" which become the basis for our expectations across the whole film - known simply as the "Primary Effect" -along side with other chief characteristics including , Desire which functions to get the narrative going, Goals- which shape our expectations, Cause and effect - implying change (maintaining continuity), Motivation strives to be as clear and complete as possible, Repetition of story information, Self-Conscious, omniscience and communicative degree of narration implications, Strong Objective narration, and finally Strong Degree of closure at the end.

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We shall now analyze each element as stipulated above in greater depth with reference to the Classic Hollywood Film, "IT'S A WONDERFUL LIFE" by Frank Capra.The story revolves around the hero , George Bailey (James Steward).,whom never seems to come out of his quiet birthplace in Old Bedford Falls. As a young, vivacious, enthusiastic man; he dreams of making it big in the world. He longs to travel off to the far ends of the earth to accomplish his lifelong ambitions- One to travel extensively around the globe and second to gain entry into college and become an architect himself. Circumstances hindered him from doing so. He gave it all up to stay home (Bedford Falls) to manage the Bailey Building and Loan Society which he overtook after his father's (Peter Bailey) death. In the entire movie, George lived by a creed-that was-he continued to place the human needs of others above riches, as a result, as seen in the end his friends and family in times of great need are there for him in good and bad times.

Each character has certain traits and reacts to certain situations as an agent of action and decision. In "It's A Wonderful Life" though George may appear as suave, strong , good shoulder his head kind of an individual who has got everything under control seem to lose his grip when the situation gets out of hand. When reality sets in, he takes it on in great despair. In the scene where he despontely wonders outside into the dark, snowy night and drives aimlessly in his car. In his state of drunkenness he crashes his car into a tree and comes out of it alive and decides to tread on foot. In the next scene he heads for the bridge with the water pounding in great waves of the icy water and decides to do the unethical form of death, for his absent-minded uncle bailey (Thomas Bailey) misplaced a large amount of eight thousand dollars in cold hard cash. Unable to find a solution to rectify the predicament that his uncle had left him in, George does the unthinkable. He contemplates to commit suicide. In here the audience is made to question his principle and moral ambiguity of his life. It showcased an element of dark side. Throughout the movie, George solves everyone else's problem but now seem dump-founded when the tables are turned onto him, he seemed "paralyzed" to find an amicable solution for himself.

The character played by Clarence (Henry Travers), George's lovable bumbling guardian angel, whom was sent by the almighty above, to arrive in Bedford Falls and prove to George that life is worth living for. As his angel, Clarence reacts to George's situation by using reverse psychology on him. In the scene where they were in the shed, Clarence pointed out the fact that by jumping into the water himself he had inevitably allowed George to save him. Once again, emphasizing how he had helped many others in his town of Bedford falls. Clarence saving George from his suicide plight somehow turned the situation into a natural reflex action of one Good Samaritan aiding another in a drowning situation.

The Character played by the films villain Henry Potter (Lionel Barrymore) most certainly created certain traits which caused reaction in the film. He's an Antagonist who creates the conflict with protagonist (George bailey). He uses his considerable wealth to swindle the citizens of Bedford Falls dry. In the scene, the bailey's building and loan society is the only institution in Bedford falls that potter has no sole proprietier ownership. During the board meeting after his father's death, Potter insist on closing down the place but in a unanimous vote of opposition from the rest, his plans are ruined. The board members then decide to appoint George as the executive chairman, he turns this offer down for he wish to pursue his studies. But they caution him, if, he refuses to control and run the building Potter would eventually intervene with his manipulative ways and cease operation of the building. George is thus made to give up his dream once again due to Potter.

In "It's a Wonderful Life" the basis that for our expectations across the whole film creates a primary effect based on the first impression. The opening scene in the movie starts off with the scene whereby folks in Bedford Falls are seeking God in their prayers. The audience is made to relate that some celestrial being from above hears all of these prayers and aids them in their greatest time of need. The scene straight-up next, takes a comical step further; its light hearted yet a trivial component to the narrative of the film. The audiences are greeted by two stars in the universe played respectively by God and the biblical figure Joseph. They seem to engage in this conversation that sheds light on the synopsis of the movie. The voice of God is significant for he drives as the narrator (story-teller) of the movie. He (The voice) gives us the audience a flashback to the past of Georges's past since the element of control of the past, present and future are infinitely possible with God. He calls upon Clarence (Henry Travers), an unwinged angle to tackle this assignment with Joseph as his mentor. As such the audience are made to gather that the God would narrate the past giving a glimpse to Clarence about George's Life. Clarence would then step into the present time and help George to sort out his differences and ensure that in the future (climax) of the movie yields a happy ending. This is ultimately what the movie strikes to put across to the audience in the first half hour of the movie the so call : concentrated preliminary exposition that triggers strong first impression.

Desire functions to get the narrative going. In "It's a Wonderful life"; the desire to end his life in a cowardly manner was the pivotal point of continuity in the film. The story was built around on how God intervened - sent his angel (Clarence) down to earth to help George realize that life no matter how insignificant has it may seem has the power to make a difference, and that measure of humanity has the very least to do with fame or money, but, rather how we live our lives on a day to day basis. The film tackles a highly desire able question, which is- What Would This World Be, If I Had Never Been Born?

Capra compels to answer this question throughout the entire progression of the film. The audience is made to go back and forth through this tunnel vision of what George's life might have been and might not have been as a result.

The Goal in the film strives to shape our expectations of both the character and plot. In the scene in which George first met his high school sweet heart Mary played by Donne Reed, they met for the first time together at Sam Wainwright's (Frank Albertson) farewell dinner. In here the audience is greeted by some seemingly playful arrogant guys whom were also in the party with Mary and George. The guys decided to play a prank joke on the couple by opening up the dance floor-giving way to the swimming pool below, with both George and Mary ultimately dancing, losing their footing and then falling into the pool water and drowning. The audience is made then to shape their expectations to anticipate this result, instead, things are took a turn for the better- the couple danced away and though they did fall into the pool water, they made the best of the situation and carried on dancing in the water itself.

The telephone scene where George walks in a second time to retrieve his coat and Mary was on line with Sam from New York. Mary was rumored to have intimate feelings for Sam when both she and Sam were in New York. Sam making it big career wise and Mary pursuing her studies in the big apple (New-York) at the same time. But Mary had no intimate feelings for Sam, for she did not see him in that light but the latter did. Mary's heart still longs for George for he was her childhood swettheart. She deliberately talks loudly on the phone to get George's attention. She then invited George to the phone to speak to Sam. At this scene the audience is made to expect that George would politely accept the call and talk to Sam, instead, both he and Mary listen cheek to cheek romantically on the phone over Sam's voice, emotions run high and shortly after both Mary and George are helplessly drawn to each other and kiss passionately.

Do the characters themselves have a goal in this film? Indeed they do. Geroge (James steward) has a dual goal. In the fist half of this film, when he was dwelling in his past, we the audience get a steadfast understanding that George has ultimately one main primary goal-that was to travel to Europe, make it big, head off to collage and become an architect. He was adamant about achieving his goal that in the scene when he sits together with his father for dinner, when his father expected him to do so, but George was obstinate in doing what he desired to achieve his goal. As the film progressed into the present time, George's goal took a turn, now for than ever he wishes to end his very existence by contemplating suicide and wished he was never part of his humble creation of his very existence.

His guardian Angel, Clarence (Henry Travers) comes along since George did actually seek god's help in aiding him in his time of distress. Clarence's goal is to get his wings from his assignment (George) and the only possible way to him to achieve that annunciation he very much needed to be part of George's shortcomings and help him walk through it.

He works hard at accomplishing his goal despite George's resentment in acknowledging him as his guardian angel. To prove his seemingly authentic self, Clarence grants George his wish that - never to have been born.

The film exhibits great techniques in which continuity (cause and effect) is prominently highlighted at various instances in the film. In the beginning when George was pursue his ambitions, and dreams the cause of his father's death was sufficient enough of a blow to George to terminate his voyager instincts to travel. He soldiers on to fulfill his other unaccomplished dream- to attend college. Once again due to the antagonist potter who wants nothing more than to bring down the bailey building and loan society; the board of chairman voted in favor of having George at the helm and making him the executive chairman of his father's company. He of course turns it down, because, he does not wish to run the show; he wants to fulfill his dream of studying and graduating. But the plan backfires at him, because, without him the scrupulous potter would find ways and means to bring his father's company down. George had no intention of allowing that to happen, for his father worked at keeping it running through thick and thin. By that decision, George was once again "cemented" in bed falls by the clutches of that decision laid by the board and thus having to give up his dream.

The continuity is further reiterated in the film when George's absentminded Uncle (Thomas Mitchell) Billy walks into the bank during the yuletide season to deposit eight thousand dollars. In this scene, he is greeted by the antagonist Potter who's wheeled in a wheelchair, he strikes a sarcastic statements with him provoking the swindler Potter further, uncle billy in his haste to walk off , unintentionally slips the envelop containing the money into Potter's newspaper and walks away. The caitiff Potter having realized what had happened chose to keep the money to himself. The implication of losing that valuable sash of eight thousand dollars creates a rippling effect down the movie. The cause and effect traits are clearly highlighted in this film after this scene. This scene was indeed momentous. It's the turning point in the movie. This caused George to freak out, loses his self confidence and drove him to the point of suicide. More importantly it made George question his existence, he wished he had never been born- and as a result of that, Clarence granted him his wish and George was made to go thorough a whirlpool spin with visions of his life, had he not existed; making him realize his self worth and significance he played in every citizen of Bedford falls.

The film depicted plausible process of investigation through its narrative range and depth. Piecing the pieces together like a jigsaw creates a pattern of gradual revelation which enhances curiosity in this film.The narration allows us the audience to formulate about George, from the time when he was young to being a mature man. The film's plot treats the flashback in much subjective depth. They are rendered objectively as when George goes through the tunnel vision of his life. Omniscient narration calls attention for itself, by Clarence the angel and God in the opening scene ,for he is truly aware of what befalls George. He is THE omniscient being ever, and that was highlighted evidently in the film's story.

The film indeed further exemplify itself with it's strong degree of closure, in the scene during the movie climax all of George's friends rallied together in good will and helped him out of his predicament just as he did when they (his fellow friends) needed a friend to lend a helping hand. They raised the money in time and paid the bank what was duly theirs. The movie ties up all the loose ends very amicably in the end. In the scene, when George carries his daughter Zuzu, Zuzu opens Clarence gift to George for Christmas, his Tom Sawyer book. More importantly was Clarence message in the book. The fact that no man is a failure who has friends. Which was the message Clarence was trying to get across to George from the very beginning? Succeeding in his quest in accomplishing his assignment. Clarence attains his Wings from the Heavens by the symbolic ringing of the bells on George's Christmas tree at home. On the whole, in its entire production and presentation. "It's A Wonderful Life" adheres to the classical Hollywood convention of objective narration.

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Research Paper on Fitness

In today's world of quick exercise methods and crash diets to lose larger amounts of weight in a short period of time, although these may sounds intriguing they never really work as they say. Plus these miracle methods can be hazardous to your health and cause you to have very little or to much energy which can effect your sleep and eating habits.

I am a strong believer in just good old fashion exercise and watching your diet intake to achieve the desired weight or size you want. This method does not give instant results that people in society today want, that is why I think that there is so much money made every year in diet pills and other "fast" methods because people are impatient. I have tried some supplements to improve my muscular enhancement for a year like cretin, glutamine, and weight gainer. For about a year I took these supplements religiously and worked out five days a week, which resulted in gains but I wasn't sure how much of a differences these were making. So I decided to stop taking them and see what happened all that I notice was that my energy during workouts wasn't as much but I was still making good progress in my every day workout. Also I was saving a large amount of money that would have been spent on supplements which aren't the cheapest products. So now these days the only supplement that I take is a meal replacement protein and vitamin shake, which gives me the extra energy to have an intense workout session.

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Also a major area of the fitness business in exercise machines that concentrate on a muscle group, I personally had never used these machines until I tore my ACL in my knee and had to go through a 4-month rehabilitation. I rehabilitation you aren't strong enough to use free weights so you use gravity, rubber bands, treadmill, and controlled weight exercises. These was a long and hard process when I first was out of surgery my leg had suffered muscular loss and I had to gain it back though certain exercise. And now it is two years later after the surgery and my knee and leg are good as new thanks to these machines and designed exercises. But for a normal workout I prefer free weights or the "Hammer Strength" machines. Now all machines and free weights have there own pro's and con's it all depends on what the individual person wants to achieve due to there age, health, or problem but weight lifting can benefit all in some way.

Such as A rising problem in America with our older women are having problems with osteoporosis and if women would just do a light workout and drink milk or take calcium they can totally prevent this painful aliment that many women suffer from unnecessarily. It is the knowledge of this that people need to understand and the health of our nation would drastically improve.

Another aspect that people us to avoid working out is that they do not have enough time in there daily schedule to work out, well this is impossible there is always time to extend your life and health there are plenty of exercise programs that only need a short amount of your time each day that would benefit you drastically. When you work out on a regular basic you will notice that you have more energy, your sleep better at night, more flexibility in joints and any overall healthy feeling. So therefore it is quite easy to see that our bodies were meant to be exercised and used so that way the stay in shape. Which is very different to today's society with there, which is based on working a job and bad eating habits. For most people in today's society exercise it not even remotely a daily concern. This shows that the population needs to be educated on the benefits of keeping a healthy way of life, which can even extend their lives. Exercise is an important part of my life and I am going to try top keep it a part of my life for as long as I am alive.

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Film Noir Research Paper

We have always had the desire to tell a story. Cave paintings depict warriors battling mighty beasts that roamed the Prairies of the America's, the forests of Europe and the African continent where it is said the first man walked and hence populated and eventually conquered the Neanderthal. Here in Australia, Aboriginal paintings tell the story of a nomadic existence. These ancient works also tell us the ancient struggle between good and evil, gods and monsters. The question is, why do we feel the need to tell a tale? Is it because the desire for something more, other than the banality of the day to day grind of existing, fuels our imagination, not only to be something else, but also the need to pass it on. For a community to exist in harmony, social order has to be established. Yet, why is man fascinated with the darker forces of human consciousness. Is the unknown more seductive? Of course it is ! Hence the reason why no other genre or style has had as much impact in the history of cinema as Film Noir.

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What is Film Noir? Firstly, the term "Noir" is the French word for Black. Put the two together and you get Black Film. The average video punter is aware of these films conveying something somewhat ominous, foreboding and sinister. Film Noir, though it was coined by French critics, didn't originate in France. Now, here it can get a bit muddled because although Film Noir is distinctly American as a Big Mac or a Harley Davidson, it owes a lot to the German Expressionists directors such as F.W. Murnau, G.W. Pabst and an Austrian cinematographer called Karl Freund during the 20's. During the late 30's German and Austrian stars such as Peter Lorre and Marlene Dietrich migrated to the States and starred in many Film Noir movies. Billy Wilder, Otto Preminger, and Fritz Lang all of whom were Austrians influenced the film makers of that era.

However, you cannot take anything away from the Yanks, they got through Prohibition, the Depression, they tamed the Wild Frontier and helped the allied forces defeat the Germans in the Second World War. Those troubled times shaped the American psyche. Their society was now taking a deep look into its core and realism became the theme for a new breed of writers (for without a story there is no film). Out of the ashes came the mobster genre, fast cars, willing gals and flying bullets capturing and fascinating the cinema going public. The film makers provided our forefathers a visual journey into the realm of the outsider. The pessimism of the time created the anti-hero, immortalising actors like James Cagney and Edward G Robinson as the quintessential gangsters. Those films were the entre for what was to come in the next two decades.

In Film Noir, we are drawn into the murky and deviant world of the outsider. A world that skirts around the fringes of structured society. The events often occur in the night, set in a seedy environment, a setting designed by the film makers to emphasise the central characters state of mind, "the darkness".

Roger Westcombe said "the definitive Film Noir characteristic is fatalism". For example in the film "Double Indemnity", Barbara Stanwick seduced an average bloke played by Fred MacMurray (who was wanting more in life) to kill her husband for the insurance money. Due to the treacherous intent of both characters, their plot was doomed to fail because of the mistrust each had for the other.

The negative traits possessed of this genre show them to be loners, paranoid, corruptible, cynical, addictive to all measures of substance and physical abuse, sexual or the other. They are flawed and this is why we can relate to them, because they are mirroring our very own reality. The positive attributes they posses are, tough and fast thinking. They mind their own business unless provoked and are incredibly sexy. Attributes that not all of us in the real world possess, but sometimes, would like to.

I've stated that man has a need to tell a story. An indepth study of this was conducted by Abraham Maslow in his study of primates. He concluded that there is a hierarchy of need. Once he has attained the four preceding hierarchy of needs to exist comfortably in the world. He desires to be recognised for his achievements. He wants to be immortalised.

I've touched on the influence by the German and Austrian film makers in the way they tell a story and the volatile and somewhat unstable period in American history that fuelled an era of writers depicting a society within a society coexisting, a parallel universe. The theme to succeed, at any price, by the leading characters and villains also play a major role in the story of this genre. I was once told that when ever you come across a fork in the road you don't necessarily have to take the easier path to get to where you want. Our characters always decide that the easier path is the road to financial freedom. I'm sure this anecdote has a lot to do with the subject matter of the dark film. However, what does constitute a true film noir and when did it truly begin?

1940 to 1959 has been universally agreed upon as the "Golden Age" of film noir. Man's desire for good or evil, his achievements etc have been explored in many genres, the western, horror and comedy. So why are they not in the film noir category? A lot of the films were shot in black and white and the theme that the story revolves around is taking the easy way out. This is where you can get confused, in order to classify this thing you have to decide whether or not film noir is a genre, a style or for that matter "a lubricant". Film historians and critics have discussed, argued and debated on this issue.

My research on film noir can be defined in three categories. Listed in the above paragraph the first criteria (1) a genre similar to westerns, comedies or horror (2) a period tied to that era of the 40's and late 50's and (3) a cinematic style with its own unique look. It would be unfair not to mention that there are also purists out there that believe film noir cannot be in colour nor be a genre. Then, that would exclude my personal opinion, that the best film ever made other than Casablanca was Blade Runner. This brilliant film would fall short of the mark because it does not keep with the tradition of containing dark, shadowy images shot in black and white or scenes set in seedy run down city places of the 40's and 50's. Although the film does portray leading characters that are akin to Caligula or Nero with a touch of Caesar. They have seen it all and have done everything. But still fail to succeed. Another example is of two beautiful women. One, you would introduce to your mother (Sean Young's character) and the other, you wouldn't ( the Darryl Hannah portrayal), because she would end up sleeping with her. (This attitude came about because women during the war in America found their true independence, they worked in jobs that men had a monopoly on).

The evolution of film noir came principally because of supply and demand. The building blocks to capitalism. The studios had to churn these films out because of public demand, The suits funded these lesser projects with a limited budget. The private eye, the detective, etc, all pulp fiction or B-grade films, the term Hollywood used for the support for their main features.

The people who worked on them where in fact like Australia A, they were the Reserve grade. This was the turning point.

Those films were not subjected to the stringent eye of the executives, Without the strict guidelines the A team were able to experiment with their techniques and so they improvised. They didn't have the huge and glamorous sets with the pampered stars who needed the beautifying lighting. They concentrated on the story and character development. This freedom gave Hollywood the cinematic look, that to this day, modern film makers are using. For six years the Germans put a stop to Hollywood films and when the war finally ended, the French were bombarded, they saw a change in the US method of story telling. From the perky optimistic, morally contrived scenario, to this new truth of human nature. The severe contrasts of the images of those films, paralleled the grimness of the period. I can just imagine the avent garde's of the time, drinking their coffee and smoking their cigarettes whilst getting all excited with this style that resembled expressionism. They gave it a name and so film noir was born. The film revolution had begun and the domino effect occurred throughout Europe.

History has shown us that nothing lasts forever, like the fall of great men and their realms, film noir met its demise through modern technology and the changing of the time. Once televison became financially accessible to the mass, film noir became a thing of the past. Television sit-coms like "I love Lucy" became the escapism for a new period "peace". Tony Bennet once sung "It's the good life" which became the new theme of optimism and moral conscience which again took a hold in the American way. The dark side once again relegated to the fringes of human society.

Its resurrection during the years preceeding the Vietnam War indicate that the human spirit does have a conscience for it again, inspiring a new wave of writers to delve into the human consciousness, "Taxi Driver" took us into the world of one man who felt that no one cared and that maybe he could make a difference. Neo-noir was re-introduced into our culture and for the next three decades the genre and style kept re-inventing itself with films such as "Body Heat", "Pulp Fiction" and "LA Confidential".

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Ferdinand "Jelly Roll" Morton Essay

Ferdinand "Jelly Roll" Morton was one of the greatest jazz pianists and composers of all time. He is mostly remembered for his music which successfully bridged the gap between blues, jazz, and ragtime. He even claimed in once that he invented jazz.

Born to Creole parents in 1890, he grew up in a poor neighborhood in New Orleans. After his father left, he took the surname Mouton from his stepfather because he didn't like the French name he was born with. From banging on pots and pans he progressed to the guitar and ultimately to the piano at which he excelled. He made a living by playing at the local brothels and cabarets until his grandmother, whom he was living with after his mother passed away, found out and kicked him out of the house.

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He then traveled the South and made a living playing the piano, pimping, hustling pool, and playing cards. He began carrying a pistol and drinking whiskey and even did time on a Mississippi chain gang for allegedly robbing a mail truck. By the age of 20 had already written songs that were to become classics such as "New Orleans Blues","King Porter Stomp," and "Jelly Roll Blues."

In 1917, at the age of 27, he arrived in Los Angeles and played at the many bars and clubs in the booming western town. There was money to be made so he stayed there for five years working as a pianist and a hotel owner. One of his trademarks was the diamond he had set into one of his front teeth. He pawned the diamond whenever necessary.

In 1923 he moved to Chicago to record music. Jazz was becoming very popular and Chicago was at the center of it. He became very popular and was well known for his wild boasting and storytelling. Sheet music was becoming a large industry, and for those who composed popular tunes, like Morton, there was money to be made. Previously, musicians had been scared of publication (and sometimes recording, too) fearing that others would steal their music. But now there was simply too much money to be made to ignore, and Jelly Roll Morton cashed in on it.

Morton was very busy that first year in Chicago; he recorded more than thirty sides in that single year. These included solo piano works and duets with King Oliver as well as trios with Oliver and clarinetist Volly de Faut.

By 1926 his band, Jelly Roll Morton and His Red Hot Peppers, was doing very well and he was also labeled as Melrose Publications staff writer. The group was composed of a variety of New Orleans musicians, and Morton used two separate lineups on the records: George Mitchell played cornet, either Omer Simeon or Johnny Dodds on clarinet, Kid Ory or George Bryant on trombone, Stump Evans playing alto sax on several sides, Johnny St. Cyr or Bud Scott on the banjo, John Lindsay playing bass or Quinn Wilson on tuba, and Andrew Hilaire or Baby Dodds on drums. With help from The Melrose brothers, he released several albums of his work that went all the way back to what he had played in the New Orleans brothels 20 years before.

Jelly Roll then met up, through Melrose, with Victor Records. Victor had been looking for "race" and "hillbilly" musicians to record for those niche markets. Both companies collaborated with the sales of both records and sheet music to tap into both businesses. This gave Jelly Roll and his band an opportunity to reach a much larger audience than they were able to do before.

From 1927 to 1930 Morton recorded 58 songs for Victor but when his contract expired in 1930 they did not resign him. The thirties were hard on him as well as the rest of the country. He drifted to New York and Washington D.C. but could not find a way to get things back together. No longer did he have all the diamond rings, watches, and fancy cars that he'd had in the mid-20's.

When Melrose had submitted Jelly Roll's songs for patents he wrote in lyrics any chance he could get. This made him a collaborator and he was able to receive royalty checks that he was unwilling to share. When Jelly Roll contacted the Department of Justice, Melrose just sold all the music and his company to keep the rest of the money.

Jelly Roll Morton remained mostly obscure throughout the thirties except for a famous recorded interview for the Library of Congress in 1938. When his godmother died in 1940 he moved to California, reportedly to make sure that some diamonds she had had would not be stolen. He arrived too late to recover the jewels and eventually died a bitter, broken man in Los Angeles in 1941.

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Research Paper on Pink Floyd

Three Quarters of the way through typing my first essay, which was just going to be about music in general, my word-processor program decided it would be fun to crash and lose all of my unsaved information. After the volley of profanity and screaming, I started out on another essay, and while I sit here and listen to Pink Floyd's Wish You Were Here, I think I could write a more complete and on-topic paper about this one particular band that I like, instead of trying to outline all the different music types I have been into over the past couple of years. Pink Floyd in my opinion is one of the most influential rock groups to date, their lyrics are so profound and touch not only the heart, but the soul.

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Pink Floyd is a complex machine and I don't understand how they can come up with such good lyrics and music in general. You would think that a couple of guys sitting around tripping on LSD would be too fried to come up with anything worth listening to, but that's not the case. I feel that the power of their music was influenced by their drug use. I think that all those psychedelics helped them to see something that maybe everyone else couldn't, not literally, but I think that they were able to see how insignificant the human race is in the grand scheme of things. Their lyrics deal with life in general, and how one day you just realize that you haven't done anything significant in your life. It makes you want to change, It makes you want to do something with yourself, instead of just wasting away into oblivion.

Another subject they often dealt with is politics. They talk about not just the government, but something much larger, its like all ruling forces as a whole, "The System", or "The Machine" . Perhaps one of the most famous Pink Floyd albums is The Wall, "all in all your just another brick in the wall" is a line from the song "The Wall". It means that everyone is part of a larger whole, and that you are part of something, no matter how insignificant a piece you may be. Listening to their music makes you think about life in general, it makes you ponder the big question, and ask what its all about, what we are doing here. When I listen to Pink Floyd, its usually when I'm tired of the every day crap, and I want to clear my head. I'll just sit there and listen to the lyrics and think about them, and usually if I'm feeling down it makes me feel a lot better knowing that someone knows what's going on in this crazy world of ours.

Pink Floyd has touched many people. Dark Side Of The Moon, another well-known album has sold well over 26 million copies, and has been on the Billboard music charts for a record 1328 consecutive weeks. So, for the last 25 years, people have continued to buy this record, one of their best in my opinion. It's no secret that Pink Floyd is something magical and unique. I read somewhere that one in four Americans owns a copy of Dark Side of the Moon. Many people have heard of the "Dark Side of OZ" phenomenon, where if the Wizard of Oz is viewed with Pink Floyd's Dark Side of the Moon as a soundtrack, the movie cues up perfectly with the album, the scenes perfectly line up with the different tracks, and the lyrics correspond with the actors actions in the film, it's almost surreal. This is another testament to the genius of Pink Floyd, they are truly very talented musicians and have influenced and inspired many people.

So, in conclusion, I think that Pink Floyd is a rare group of men who explored their worlds and saw society and humanity for what it was. They were just trying to figure everything out, find out what life's purpose was, and they did that through musical expression. They have helped me to see the world differently, and accept the fact that I am "just another brick in the wall", but that's ok because I know that everyone else is too. I'm no different than anyone else, on a grand scale we are all the same, just trying to get out alive. Pink Floyd's music will live on long after they are gone, and will continue to inspire people to not only make new art and music, but also to get up and do something with themselves.

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My Brother Essay

Do you remember when you were a kid? Do you remember when you had a role model who you wanted to be just like when you grew up? Do you remember someone who you thought was the greatest person in the world; whether it was a movie star, a famous football player, or a rock star? For as long as I can remember, my brother David has been my role model.

Growing up without my father was one of the most difficult obstacles of my life. I was only four when he died abruptly in an industrial accident and I had trouble understanding that he wasn't coming back. At the time, my brother, David, was only ten years old and had to take on many new responsibilities. He became the "man of the house" and helped take care of my mom and me. For example, my mom returned to graduate school, so Dave had to keep a close eye on me. He would walk me to the bus stop in the morning, and be there to meet me again in the afternoon. And anytime I had trouble with homework, big brother would always be there to lend a helping hand. He was like a father figure. Not having my dad around was hard to deal with, but Dave has always been there to encourage and guide me.

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My brother and I have a relationship much like any other siblings. I look to him for help when I am in trouble and advice when I have a difficult decision to make. I appreciate his opinion, and he is always quick to give one. Although he is six years older than I am, the age difference was never a problem between us. I was forced to mature a little before my time, so he and I usually saw eye to eye on matters, and shared similar interests. We listen to the same kind of music, and enjoy comedy and horror movies. Not to mention the fact that he and I both have a strong interest in classic cars. We restored my father's Prarie Bronze 1964 1/2 Ford Mustang. It's a Beauty! This, the first of the many cars we hope to work on in the future. Don't get me wrong though, it wasn't always a "Leave it to Beaver" household. Dave and I fought and got on each other's nerves just like any other siblings. But, no matter how often we argued with one another, we were always able to work things out.

Dave has always been a strong influence in my life. He has very high expectations for me, so I do all that I can to make him proud. I remember him always pushing me to be the best I can be. To give all my effort in all that I do. He taught me how to play soccer, ride a bike, and drive a car. I remember David standing on the sidelines of my soccer games, shouting "hustle, move it, get on the ball," even more than the coach did. And as far as driving went, well, he was a little reluctant to let me get behind the wheel of the mustang. But after a little practice, and a lot of stalling out, I was able to drive the car without any problems. David also encouraged and supported me in any new interests I developed. Anything from racing motocross, to more importantly, the classes I take in high school. He helped convince me that taking difficult and challenging classes in high school will surely pay off in my future. I have found that it is much easier to succeed when you have someone behind you one hundred percent.

I cannot begin to count the number of times Dave has either gotten me out of trouble, or influenced me to make the right decisions. Knowing the difference between right and wrong can sometimes be more difficult than you would imagine. If and when I did do something wrong, I was not nearly as concerned with explaining my situation to my mom as I was in confronting my brother. I had to tell Dave exactly what had happened, and deal with the consequences he thought were fitting. I use to think that he was too hard on me about things, but I have come to realize that if it weren't for his guidance, I wouldn't have become the person I am today.

I'm looking forward to this summer when my brother and I will be working on and restoring a 1976 Pontiac Firebird. Sitting there, rebuilding the block, working side-by-side with my brother, awaiting the finished product. I know my father would have been proud of us.

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Research Paper on Programming

A programming language is a vocabulary; a set of grammatical rules for instructing a computer to execute specific tasks. There are many different types of languages, each one has a unique set of "keywords" and a special language rules for organizing the instructions that are given.

The Dade County Medical Association (DCMA) is a non-profit organization that works with and for physicians. Doctors in general, are known for their lack of negotiating and technical skills; therefore, a lot of the tasks that we perform are still done in hard copies. Faxing documents, creating physical files, and obtaining information online and printing it to mail out, are some of the daily activities at the DCMA.

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A database that keeps all the data about the physicians such as date of birth, University, graduation date, office and home address, etc, is managed by a parent association, The Florida Medical Association. Information for the physicians is posted on a website. This site was created on a frontpage template and it was uploaded about tow years ago; it is poorly designed, not updated very often, and mainly used to upload critical information.

Miami Medicine is the monthly publication of the DCMA. This "newsletter" is a powerful tool that also provides information to the physicians. In recent times, the DCMA discovered their need for a newer and better tool that would allow placing information, as well as their publication online. According to the needs of the association, XML (Short for Extensible Markup Language) seems to be the best choice. XML was designed especially for web documents. XML allows designers to create their own customized tags that eventually become languages. This enables the definition, transmission, validation, and interpretation of data between applications and between organizations (1).

Liz Sullivan, one of the IT people at the Florida Medical Association, explained the following: "In the evaluation process of different languages, XML was superior to the other languages because its files contain Unicode. Any word processing software, and/or text can be used. This makes it "universal" in a way, because Unicode embodies all key scripts of the world. It is very possible that XML is the native file format for a software package or something that is imported or exported".

The implementation of the software at the DCMA is still a "working process"; however, the objective is very clear: "Creating a tool that will decrease the administrative time spent by the staff in obtaining information and making it available to all physicians and/or other related entities."

When developed, this tool should make more efficient or modernize many processes. An increase in precision and correctness, as well as some obstacles, are expected. Change in general requires a lot of time, dedication, coordination, and planning. A great team is working on this, therefore, great results are expected.

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The American Revolution Term Paper

The American Revolution came to be a major historical event for the making of democracy. Gordon Wood, author of the American Revolution explains what the Americans had to go to stay committed to freedom, constitutionalism, equality and the well being of ordinary people. The history shouldn't b e viewed as a story but as a search for moral lessons that all people could live and be happy with. In this book the author goes through the "birth" and what the people did to make America what it is now. From fighting the British to the Indians, and the making of the constitution, to revising and revising again as the times changes. The revolution marked the start of when men and women (but not until much later) started to become equal. Although slavery was still strong, it wasn't until one of the revisions that the people began to realize that enslaving another man to do their work isn't expressing freedom. In over a year from when slavery began to lose its form, the amount of free black people doubled from what it had been in the months before. People everywhere were starting to see and really grasp the idea of life, liberty and freedom.

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With the start of building colonies, bankruptcies and business failures were happening everywhere. This is when the people realized that with out some form of government was needed. Monarchies and had plenty of success in Europe but this was America. It was already know for its freedom of life, not being controlled by one person, or family but about being his or her own person. Knowing that some form of stabilized control was need to make the country into a profitable and safe place to live, and with the failed efforts of the British government it was time to form the only sort of government that would ultimately survive. This was the start of making democracy work for the first time anywhere.

Committees began to meet and the royal governs that once ruled were being overshadowed by a new government. With the beginning form of government came the beginning of buying and selling goods, and with that came taxation. The people were okay being taxed knowing that there were represented by persons who were known and chosen by themselves and to represent the "ordinary people". With this came the rising market good sales and for the first time in America the opening of federal banks. Paper money was the fastest growing, unsupported form of currency and before the banks were even open it had been known that there was too much currency but not enough control over it. With the banks opening and the operation of open markets the people began to trust in these new thing more and more. That is how money began to circulate and farmers prospered greatly from the buying and selling of their farm goods.

Equality was the most important idea in America. With the forming of new governments no one person can command suffrages on the people and this brought the adoption of republicanism to a new world era in social and political history. The republican had to believe in the common well being of the "common" people. When most believed that the government should be run by gentlemen with college degrees, the "ordinary" people began to realize that they had more of a say and input in the decisions that were being made. It was republicanism that really showed what equality meant to the citizens, and it was this that made American stand out form all other countries that were mostly ruled by monarchs and it was this that was the well known governing control, it was the only thing that most people had even known.

During the eight years of the revolution all of the familiar channels of trade had been destroyed and new sources of wealth was being discovered everywhere. No longer were there gentlemen, landlords or other forms of high rank, but the "lower/middle" class people all took the title of Mr. and Mrs., and the answering to a higher rank was soon abolished. With republicanism becoming more and more well known even the ordinary people rally felt free and equal, and that is what makes the revolution successful.

Everyone with the organization of formal schoolhouses soon knew schooling, and colleges began to appear nation wide. The government immediately saw the responsibility the states had to educate all of its citizens, and in the nineteenth century it became open to all people. With the forming of schools, organizations soon followed and did medical societies, and books became a more published thing open to anyone. Libraries began to open and the outbreak of newspapers propelled America to be the greatest newspaper reading country.

The federal Constitution brought with it the political and social conditions that had never been introduced before. Men who came from more humble rural origins and who were less educated began taking seats and becoming representatives. This meant that even people who didn't come form a long line of wealth, or those who didn't attend colleges could still have a view and say in the decisions being made. Having the government open to the public in the way that America did set this country far apart form any other country worldwide. No longer did the people have to listen to nobles or kings or queens, but they were aloud to help make the decisions that gave America the independence it is so well known for.

If the American Revolution never came to be, I wonder what the country would be today. Ruled by the British, or a King? America is what it is today because of hundreds of years of trial and error in seeing what things worked best. With the revolution came a new government, and when that was revised and the constitution was made, and slowly the blanks were being filled. So when the federal constitution was formed it seemed that America had finally fit the governing role to fit the true meaning of America, land of the free.

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